J (letter): Difference between revisions
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'''J, j''' is a letter of the [[Latin alphabet]]. It is the tenth letter of most variants, being placed after [[I (letter)|I]] and before [[K (letter)|K]], as is the case for instance in the [[English alphabet]]. Its English name is pronounced [ˈdʒeɪ], like | '''J, j''' is a letter of the [[Latin alphabet]]. It is the tenth letter of most variants, being placed after [[I (letter)|I]] and before [[K (letter)|K]], as is the case for instance in the [[English alphabet]]. Its English name is pronounced [ˈdʒeɪ], like the bird ''jay''. | ||
==Use in English== | ==Use in English== | ||
{{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} | {{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} | ||
'''j''' combines the two sounds '''d''' (as in '''dóg''') and '''zh''' (as in '''[[Leonid Brezhnev|Brézhnev]]''' or like '''z''' in '''ázure''' or '''s''' in '''pléasure'''). Many languages, including French, German, Portuguese and Arabic, do not have this sound. (Russian and Spanish have only the unvoiced version of it, '''t''' + '''sh''', which is spelt '''ch''' in both English and Spanish, whence '''mácho'''.) | '''j''' combines the two sounds '''d''' (as in '''dóg''') and '''zh''' (as in '''[[Leonid Brezhnev|Brézhnev]]''' or like '''z''' in '''ázure''' or '''s''' in '''pléasure'''). Many languages, including French, German, Portuguese and Arabic, do not have this sound. (Russian and Spanish have only the unvoiced version of it, '''t''' + '''sh''', which is spelt '''ch''' in both English and Spanish, whence '''mácho'''.) | ||
'''j''' is common initially | {{:English spellings/Accents}} | ||
'''j''' is common initially: '''jét, jázz, jíg, jést, jêep, jólly, Jûlia, jàr, jám, Jásper, Jóhn, Jêsus, Jeŵish, Jím, Jâmes, Jíll, Jáckson, Jéffrey''' (= '''Géoffrey''') and after a prefix: '''disjŏinted, disjúnctive, injúnction, unjúst, injústice, outjúmp'''. Foreign learners, under the influence of their own language (notably [[French language|francophones]]) often mispronounce '''j''' as '''zh''': its normal sound is '''dzh'''. | |||
'''j''' is rarely found alone, between two vowels, inside a word: '''cajôle, ajàr, rejéct'''. The normal spelling for the '''j''' sound | '''j''' is rarely found alone, between two vowels, inside a word: '''cajôle, ajàr, rejéct'''. The normal spelling for the '''j''' sound medially is '''g''' or '''dg''': '''pígeon, dúdgeon'''. So '''júdge''' is pronounced *júj. Usually a following '''e''' or '''i''' is required to make the '''j''' sound, but not in '''Wédgwood''' or '''Édgbaston''', which both include an "'''édge'''", while in '''júdgment'''/'''júdgement''' it is optional. | ||
'''j''' renders the '''d''' in '''ad'''- redundant: '''adjûdicate, ádjunct, ádjective, adjöurn, adjúst'''. | '''j''' renders the '''d''' in '''ad'''- redundant: '''adjûdicate, ádjunct, ádjective, adjöurn, adjúst'''. | ||
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And '''g''' occurs more often than '''j''' before front vowels: '''Géoffrey, Gíllian''' (cf. '''Jíll'''), '''gîant, gigántic, Gërmany, géneral, George, géntle''', and is much more common inside words: '''âgent, págeant, pígeon, rêgion'''. | And '''g''' occurs more often than '''j''' before front vowels: '''Géoffrey, Gíllian''' (cf. '''Jíll'''), '''gîant, gigántic, Gërmany, géneral, George, géntle''', and is much more common inside words: '''âgent, págeant, pígeon, rêgion'''. | ||
'''Majŏrca''' is pronounced * | Spanish '''j'''s have the '''h''' sound (or '''kh''', especially in Scotland and Wales): '''Riója''' *Rióha, '''''Rajoy''''' *Rahŏy, but '''Majŏrca''', an Anglicized spelling of Spanish '''''Mallorca''''', is pronounced *Məyŏrca. | ||
'''j''' does not begin consonant clusters, and the only '''jj''' is in '''hàjj''' (which may also be spelt '''hàdj'''). | |||
The surname '''Marjoribanks''' is pronounced Marchbanks. | |||
==Scientific uses== | |||
*j: square root of minus one in engineering notation | |||
* | |||
Latest revision as of 13:27, 18 January 2018
J, j is a letter of the Latin alphabet. It is the tenth letter of most variants, being placed after I and before K, as is the case for instance in the English alphabet. Its English name is pronounced [ˈdʒeɪ], like the bird jay.
Use in English
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use in English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alphabetical word list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroalphabetical list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common misspellings |
j combines the two sounds d (as in dóg) and zh (as in Brézhnev or like z in ázure or s in pléasure). Many languages, including French, German, Portuguese and Arabic, do not have this sound. (Russian and Spanish have only the unvoiced version of it, t + sh, which is spelt ch in both English and Spanish, whence mácho.)
- The accents show stress and pronunciation (see English spellings): A: sát, mâde, pàrk, cāst (cást/càst), åll, ãir; E: ére, êar, vèin, fërn; I: sít, mîne, skì, bïrd; O: sóng, môde, lòve, wörd, ŏr; OO: moôn, foòt; U: sún, mûse, fùll, pürr; W: neŵ, ẁant; Y: gým, mŷ, keỳ, mÿrrh.
j is common initially: jét, jázz, jíg, jést, jêep, jólly, Jûlia, jàr, jám, Jásper, Jóhn, Jêsus, Jeŵish, Jím, Jâmes, Jíll, Jáckson, Jéffrey (= Géoffrey) and after a prefix: disjŏinted, disjúnctive, injúnction, unjúst, injústice, outjúmp. Foreign learners, under the influence of their own language (notably francophones) often mispronounce j as zh: its normal sound is dzh.
j is rarely found alone, between two vowels, inside a word: cajôle, ajàr, rejéct. The normal spelling for the j sound medially is g or dg: pígeon, dúdgeon. So júdge is pronounced *júj. Usually a following e or i is required to make the j sound, but not in Wédgwood or Édgbaston, which both include an "édge", while in júdgment/júdgement it is optional.
j renders the d in ad- redundant: adjûdicate, ádjunct, ádjective, adjöurn, adjúst.
j is only used finally in words from Hindi: Ràj, Ámritràj. The normal spelling for the j sound finally is (d)ge: bádge, grúdge, plédge, dódge, gâuge, câge, pâge, wâge, sìêge, wâge, sâge, gàrbage, lúggage.
And g occurs more often than j before front vowels: Géoffrey, Gíllian (cf. Jíll), gîant, gigántic, Gërmany, géneral, George, géntle, and is much more common inside words: âgent, págeant, pígeon, rêgion.
Spanish js have the h sound (or kh, especially in Scotland and Wales): Riója *Rióha, Rajoy *Rahŏy, but Majŏrca, an Anglicized spelling of Spanish Mallorca, is pronounced *Məyŏrca.
j does not begin consonant clusters, and the only jj is in hàjj (which may also be spelt hàdj).
The surname Marjoribanks is pronounced Marchbanks.
Scientific uses
- j: square root of minus one in engineering notation