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| | '''[[English language|English]]''' is notorious for its many varied, inconsistent and irregular '''[[spelling]]s'''. This can be seen at its most extravagant in the field of [[English noun#Types of nouns|proper noun]]s—for example, simply adding an 'h' to 'Maria' to make it rhyme with 'pariah', or calling oneself 'Cholmondeley Featherstonehaugh' while pronouncing it 'Chumley Fanshaw'. An example of a common [[misspelling]] is 'disasterous' for 'disastrous', retaining the 'e' of 'disaster'. Many words do not turn out to have the pronunciation they appear to have: 'do' and 'to' do not rhyme with 'go' and 'no', while 'seismic', instead of being 'seezmic' or 'sayzmic', or even 'sayizmic', is in fact 'size-mic'. The above grid (reproduced and explained below) provides links to three lists and a '''[[A (letter)|cluster of articles]]''' devoted to these things. |
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| <center><big>
| | To show pronunciation, these articles use correct spellings with added [[Accent (pronunciation)|accent]] marks, instead of relying on the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). In some cases incorrect respellings are placed next to the correct ones, signalled by a preceding asterisk, like '''thís''' *thíss. The accent marks show pronunciation, '''thús'''. A table of these accents (which are not part of the language<ref>A few different accents, mostly from French, sometimes crop up in English, however; see [[French words in English]].</ref>) can be found below; there is also an [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] key at [[English phonemes]]. Where there is more than one accent, the first is [[stress (linguistics)|stressed]], and the same is true after a hyphen, so in the respelling of '''Tchaikóvsky''', *Chŷ-kóffskỳ, it is 'kóff' that has the main stress. (Another way of showing new stress is with a bar: '''Tchaî'''|'''kóvsky'''.) A sentence from the preceding paragraph can thus be rewritten as follows: "An example of a common misspelling is *disāsterous for '''disāstrous''', retaining the '''E''' of '''disāster'''." Respelling may be used to exemplify an incorrect spelling, or show a correct pronunciation, or a bit of both. Unlike the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], where there can only be one version per pronunciation, as there must be an unambiguous one-to-one correspondence, there can be many respellings: if *disāsterous for '''disāstrous''' is a common mistake, we can also represent the pronunciation as *dizāstrus or *dizāstrous or *dizāstrəss (with 'ə', a special character – the only one used – for [[schwa]]); or we can contrast [[British English]] *dizàstrus with [[American English|American]] *dizástrus. |
| [[English_spellings/A|A]] [[English_spellings/B|B]] [[English_spellings/C|C]] [[English_spellings/D|D]] [[English_spellings/E|E]] [[English_spellings/F|F]] [[English_spellings/G|G]] [[English_spellings/H|H]] [[English_spellings/I|I]] [[English_spellings/J|J]] [[English_spellings/K|K]] [[English_spellings/L|L]] [[English_spellings/M|M]] [[English_spellings/N|N]] [[English_spellings/O|O]] [[English_spellings/P|P]] [[English_spellings/Q|Q]] [[English_spellings/R|R]] [[English_spellings/S|S]] [[English_spellings/T|T]] [[English_spellings/U|U]] [[English_spellings/V|V]] [[English_spellings/W|W]] [[English_spellings/X|X]] [[English_spellings/Y|Y]] [[English_spellings/Z|Z]] [[English_spellings/Apostrophe|Apostrophe]]''' | |
| </big></center>
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| '''English''' is famous, even notorious, for its varied '''spellings'''. The letter links above lead to a selection of commonly misspelt and/or mispronounced words, alongside regular ones for contrast. The present page also features a 'retroalphabetical' list, with words alphabetically arranged by final letter.
| | Particular attention is given to [[homophones]], words with the same pronunciation but different meanings. English is rich in homophones, many of which are also homonyms, having also the same spelling, as, for example, '''cán''' ''able, tin'' (the italicised words suggest meanings, in this case two); while homographs are words with the same spelling whose meanings are distinguished by different pronunciations. |
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| An example of a common misspelling is 'disasterous' for 'disastrous', maintaining the 'e' of 'disaster'. Linguists conventionally put an asterisk before words which demonstrate an incorrect spelling, and we can also incude accent marks to show stress and pronunciation. A table of these (which are not used in English<ref>Different accents, mostly from French, are sometimes used, however; see [[French words in English]]. Also, some Hawaiian words have accents.[http://www.geocities.com/~olelo/o-pronunciation.html]</ref>) can be found at the end of this article; there is also an [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] key at [[English phonemes]]. Where there is more than one accent, the first is stressed, and the same is true after a hyphen, so in the respelling *Chŷ-kóffsky, it is 'kóff' that has the main stress. The first sentence of tis paragraph can thus be rewritten as follows: An example of a common misspelling is *disāsterous for '''disāstrous''', maintaining the '''e''' of '''disāster'''.
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| Particular attention is given to [[homophones]], words with the same pronunciation. English is rich in homophones; it also has many homonyms, words with the same spelling and pronunciation, and homographs, words with the same spelling but different pronunciation. Examples of all three are grouped together here.
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| Also of special note are words that many writers incorrectly divide. '''ôver''' and '''dûe''', for example, combine to form '''overdûe''', without a space in the middle. Such examples are included with ‘one word’ alongside them: '''alongsîde''' one word. | | Also of special note are words that many writers incorrectly divide. '''ôver''' and '''dûe''', for example, combine to form '''overdûe''', without a space in the middle. Such examples are included with ‘one word’ alongside them: '''alongsîde''' one word. |
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| An equals sign = is placed between homophones (in some cases the approximately equals sign ≈ is more appropriate). Homographs and other similar-looking words are included after 'cf.' (from Latin ''conferre'', 'compare'). | | An equals sign = is placed between homophones (in some cases the approximately equals sign ≈ is more appropriate). Homographs and other similar-looking words are included after 'cf.' (Latin ''conferre'', 'compare'). |
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| Some words from other languges, in most cases French, may be written with accents from those languages. Such spellings are shown using bold italics: '''touchè''' may be written with a French accent: '''''touché''''' *tooshây. | | Some words from other languages, in most cases French, may sometimes appear in English with accents from those languages. Here, such spellings are shown using bold italics: '''touchè''' may be written with a French accent: '''''touché''''' *tooshây. |
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| The apostrophe is an important part of spelling and so it has its own place at the end of the alphabet. An asterisk is placed before incorrect respellings, thus: *thuss. Words in ''italics'' are used to suggest meanings, in the case of similar words. The word ''person'' (or ''persons'' after more than one) implies either a personal or family name. Such words are included because they often contrast with the spellings of homophones, for example a bank '''clerk''' might be named '''Clàrk''' or '''Clàrke''', but most probably not 'Clerk' (which is pronounced identically in [[British English|BrE]]). It may, of course, also be a commercial or place name, as this is a matter regarding individuals: the fact that one is more likely to meet a person, most probably male, called '''Maurice Mórris''' than one called '''Mórris Maurice''', both words and hence both names being pronounced the same in BrE ('''Maurìce''' in [[American English|AmE]]), is about as relevant as the fact that one is unlikely to meet a person called either. | | The [[apostrophe]] is an important part of spelling and so it is treated as a letter, with its own place at the end of the alphabet. |
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| {{TOC-right}}
| | Fragments of words are in bold when correctly spelt: '''Ukrâine''' has -'''âine''', not -âne. |
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| ==Retroalphabetical list== | | Words in ''italics'' are used to suggest meanings (e.g. '''sêa''' ''water'' = '''sêe''' ''vision'', where the equals sign denotes identical pronunciation). Words beginning with an initial capital may have no word in italics following: these are names of people, either personal or family, and/or commercial or place names. Such words are included because they often contrast with the spellings of homophones: a bank clerk might be named '''Clàrk''' or '''Clàrke''', but probably not 'Clerk' (though [[British English|BrE]] '''clerk''' = '''Clàrk'''/'''Clàrke'''). Unusual spellings can be explained by regular ones: '''Cloúgh''' = '''Clúff'''. An American called '''Maurìce Mŏrris''' could just as well be called '''Mórris Maurice''' ("Morris Morris") in Britain, where '''Maurice''' = '''Mórris''' (although it would be putting the conventional surname before the conventional given name). |
| This list is in alphabetical order beginning with the final letter of the word and continuing backwards through it. The headword is on the right. In this way, suffixes and other word endings can be seen grouped together, just as prefixes can be seen in normal alphabetical order. So, instead of '''ádd båll coúsin''', we have '''réplicA fláB plástiC'''; and so for '''mûsiC''', see under -'''c''', for '''mûsicaL''', see under -'''l''', for '''pàrticlE''', see under -'''e''', and so on.
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| Some suffixes are included separately with their pronunciation applying or not to following words.
| | ==Links to letter articles and lists== |
| | {{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} |
| | In the navigation table above (reproduced at the top of each article in the [[CZ:Article structure|cluster]]) the cells in each row link as follows: |
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| Throughout, the apostrophe is treated as the last letter, after '''z'''.
| | *Top row: '''''articles''''' on each letter and its use in English. There are similar articles on [[GH]], the [[apostrophe]] and the [[hyphen]]. |
| For clarity, italic association words are to the left of the example word:
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| ''woman'' '''mâid''' = ''make'' '''mâde''' | | *Second row: '''''alphabetical''''' lists of of commonly misspelt and/or mispronounced words, alongside more regular words they may be confused with (words beginning with an apostrophe are [[English spellings/Catalogs/Apostrophe|here]]). Some incorrect spellings are also listed, signalled by an asterisk: *dispánd '''disbánd''' means that the word is 'disband'. (The ''bottom row'' is devoted entirely to misspellings and typos.) |
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| | *Third row: '''''retroalphabetical''''' lists, arranged alphabetically according to the final letter of the word and continuing backwards through it: |
| | ::In the retroalphabetical lists the headword is on the right. In this way, suffixes and other word endings can be seen grouped together, just as prefixes can be seen in normal alphabetical order. So, instead of '''ádd båll coúsin''', we have '''réplicA fláB plástiC'''; and so for '''mûsiC''', see under -'''C''', for '''mûsicaL''', see under -'''L''', for '''pàrticlE''', see under -'''E''', and so on. |
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| ===A===
| | ::Some suffixes are included separately; their pronunciation may or may not apply to following words ("always -'''ãrian'''" means there is no other pronunciation of -'''ãrian'''). |
| mostly schwa -'''a'''
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| BrE ''barrier, drink'' '''bàr''' = ''sheep'' '''bàa'''
| | ::Throughout, the apostrophe is treated as the last letter, after '''Z'''. (Words ending in an apostrophe are [[English spellings/Catalogs/Apostrophe#Final and medial|also here]].) |
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| '''Ábba | | ::For clarity, italic association words are to the left of the example word: |
| | :::''woman'' '''mâid''' = ''make'' '''mâde''' |
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| '''Shêba | | ::Some incorrect spellings are listed retroalphabetically, in which case the misspelling goes on the right, just as in the alphabetical list: |
| | :::'''wêasel''' *wêasal |
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| '''Cûba | | *Bottom row: '''''common misspellings''''' including '''''typos''''' (blue-linked for checking purposes), followed by the correct versions. |
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| '''Hécuba | | Two main varieties are distinguished: [[British English]] (BrE), that of the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and much of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] (see also [[Commonwealth English]]), and [[American English]] (AmE), that of the [[United States of America|USA]] and [[Canada]] (without the [[caught-cot merger|'''cåught''' = '''cót''']] merger that has occurred in some parts of North America). |
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| '''scûba
| | Unlike dictionaries, the lists include personal and place names for their own sake and for contrast. |
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| '''tûba | | ==Table of accents== |
| | These accents are intended to show the pronunciation while retaining the spelling: they are not part of the language. Those on '''i''' and '''y''' show the same sound; similarly with '''u''', '''oo''' and '''w'''. Accented vowels are stressed ('''ỳ''' is normally unstressed, as in '''háppy'''). '''ā''', not in the table, means that the sound is '''à''' in standard British and Commonwealth pronunciations but '''á''' in American and other British and Commonwealth speech. |
| | {|class="wikitable" |
| | |rowspan=2| |
| | |colspan=3 align=center|'''Front vowels |
| | |colspan=5 align=center|'''Back vowels |
| | |- |
| | !e |
| | !i |
| | !y<ref>When not accented, '''y''' is usually the semi-consonant of '''yoû''' and '''yés'''.</ref> |
| | !a |
| | !o |
| | !u |
| | !oo |
| | !w<ref>When not accented, '''w''' is usually the semi-consonant of '''wê''' and '''wíll'''.</ref> |
| | |- |
| | |width=36%|The typical short sound, never occurring at the end of a word (acute accent) |
| | |width=8%|'''pét |
| | |width=8%|'''pít |
| | |width=8%|'''crýpt |
| | |width=8%|'''cát |
| | |width=8%|'''dóg'''<ref>In American English this short British sound is replaced by the longer '''à''' in most positions, and by '''ŏ''' before '''r'''.</ref> |
| | |width=8%|'''nút |
| | |width=8%| |
| | |width=8%| |
| | |- |
| | |The typical long sound, corresponding to the names of the letters A, E, I, O and U (circumflex accent) |
| | |'''sêe |
| | |'''nîce |
| | |'''mŷ |
| | |'''nâme |
| | |'''nôse |
| | |'''rûle |
| | |'''toô |
| | |'''neŵ |
| | |- |
| | |Sounds shown with the grave accent ('''ẁ'''- and '''qù'''- indicate the [[British English|BrE]] '''ó''' sound of the following '''a''', '''ẁad''' rhyming with '''qùad'''; '''òu''' and '''òw''' are diphthongs sounding like '''àù''' in '''àùtobahn''': '''nòw''' has this '''sòund''') |
| | |'''èight''' (= â) |
| | |'''machìne''' (= ê) |
| | |'''quaỳ''' ''water'' = '''kêỳ''' ''lock'' <br>(= ê) |
| | |'''àre |
| | |'''òther''', '''blòod''' <br>(= ú) |
| | |'''fùll''' (= oò), '''qùantity''' (= w) |
| | |'''foòt''' (= ù) |
| | |'''ẁant''' (= wó)<ref>Grave accents on '''w''' and on a '''u''' following a '''q''' indicate the sound of the following '''a''': '''à''' in American English, but in British the extra sound '''ó''' as in the British pronunciation of '''hót'''.</ref> |
| | |- |
| | |The '''ër''' sound (umlaut accent) |
| | |'''përson |
| | |'''bïrd |
| | |'''mÿrtle |
| | |('''ëarth''') |
| | |'''wörd |
| | |'''pürr |
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| | |- |
| | |The '''åw'''/'''ŏr''' sound (ring accent)<ref>'''å''' and '''ŏ''' show the same sound: ideally the '''o''' too would have a ring over it, but this symbol is not available, so '''ŏ''' is used instead.</ref> |
| | | |
| | |('''cŏin''') |
| | |('''jŏy''') |
| | |'''åll''' |
| | |'''mŏre |
| | |(for some BrE speakers) '''sůre |
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| | |- |
| | |The '''ãir''' sound (tilde accent) |
| | |('''thére''') |
| | |('''ãir''' = |
| | |'''Ãyr''') |
| | |'''stãre |
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| | |- |
| | |Irregular (respelling needed) |
| | |'''sew''' (= '''sô''') |
| | |'''meringue''' (*məráng) |
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| | |'''because''' (*bikóz) |
| | |'''woman''' (*wùmən), '''women''' (*wímən) |
| | |'''business''' (*bízníss) |
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| | | |
| | |} |
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| '''Lŏrca
| | ===Example sentences=== |
| | These sentences show how the accents may be used, for example, when teaching pronunciation. Words without accents are monosyllables with the [[schwa]] sound, a neutral grunt. |
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| (but [[Vladimir Nabokov|Nabokov]]'s is '''Àda''') '''Âda'''
| | ''The usual short sound, acute accent:'' |
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| '''Granàda | | '''The gínger cát was jéalous of the bláck cát: howéver, the tábby was a véry dífferent mátter - the stúff of réveries, ín fáct. |
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| '''Grenâda | | ''The usual long sound, circumflex accent:'' |
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| '''propagánda | | '''Sây mŷ nâme thrêe tîmes with stŷle and Î’ll gô and fînd a tûne to plây for yoû. |
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| '''referénda<ref>Plural of '''referéndum''': for more words like this, see [[English irregular nouns]].</ref> | | ''The third sound, grave accent:'' |
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| .*îdêə '''idêa
| | '''Christìna Grèy shoùld (and dòes?) lòve her mòther and fàther. |
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| .*flê '''flêa
| | ''The '''ër''' sound, umlaut:'' |
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| .*plê '''plêa
| | '''But fïrst, Mÿrtle, fürther dïrty, ïrksome and distürbing wörk for the nürses. |
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| -êə '''Crîmêa | | ''The '''ŏr''' sound ('''sůre''' here is with [[British English|British]] pronunciation = '''Shåw'''), the ring, or half-ring:'' |
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| -êə '''ãrêa
| | '''Sůre yoû ŏught to cråwl ón åll fŏurs, m’lŏrd? |
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| ''person'' '''Chélsy''' = ''place'' '''Chélsêa''' | | ''Irregular, without accent, instead with respelling:'' |
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| .*Swónzy '''Sẁansêa
| | '''Many women? Any woman!''' (pronounced: *Ménny wímmin? Énny wùman!) |
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| .*nåuzêə '''nåusêa | | ==Double letters== |
| | The following alphabetical table shows examples of how letters can be doubled in English. |
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| '''Ólga | | Double consonant letters before suffixes are used (as often elsewhere) to preserve short vowel sounds, as in '''flípped''' (not *flîped), '''rebélled''' (not *rebêled) and '''pégged''' (not *pêged, which if regular would in any case be pronounced *pêjed). Compare '''scrâped''', past of '''scrâpe''', and '''scrápped''', from '''scráp'''. In the case of '''t''', doubling it after an unstressed vowel and before a suffix may seem unnecessary, but in some cases it can be doubled before -'''ed''': either '''tàrgeted''' or '''tàrgetted''' (but always '''commítted'''). |
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| '''broûhàhà | | The sign # indicates a double letter that is rare in that position; capital-letter words indicate that the double letter in this position is only found in names. An asterisk (*) indicates a respelling to show pronunciation, and an equals sign (=) introduces a [[homophone]]. |
| | {|class="wikitable" |
| | |- |
| | !letter |
| | !initial |
| | !medial |
| | !final |
| | !final + silent e |
| | |- |
| | |'''A |
| | |'''àardvark''' #<ref>'''àardvark''' and '''Transvàal''' are from '''[[Afrikaans|Afrikàans]]''', itself a further example.</ref> |
| | |'''bazàar''' # |
| | |'''bàa''' # |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''B |
| | | |
| | |'''ríbbon |
| | |'''ébb''' # |
| | |'''Crábbe''' (= '''cráb''') |
| | |- |
| | |'''C |
| | | |
| | |'''sóccer''' (*sócker), '''accépt''' (*əxépt) |
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| | |- |
| | |'''D |
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| | |'''hídden |
| | |'''ádd |
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| | |- |
| | |'''E |
| | |'''êel |
| | |'''bêen |
| | |'''sêe |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''F |
| | |'''Ffoùlkes''' |
| | |'''éffort |
| | |'''óff''' |
| | |'''Clíffe''' (= '''clíff''') |
| | |- |
| | |'''G |
| | | |
| | |'''aggréssion''' (-'''g'''-), '''exággerate''' (-j-) |
| | |'''égg''' # |
| | |'''Légge''' (= '''lég''') |
| | |- |
| | |'''H |
| | | |
| | |'''hítchhike''' # (accidental) |
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| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''I |
| | | |
| | |'''skìíng''' # |
| | |'''Hawàìi''' # |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''J |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |'''hàjj''' # (also spelt '''hàdj''') |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''K |
| | | |
| | |'''púkka'''; '''boòkkeeper''' (accidental)<ref>With a pause to indicate both '''k'''’s are pronounced.</ref> # |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''L |
| | |'''llàma'''<ref>Also representing a [[Welsh language|Welsh]] sound in place names like '''Llandudno''' (-dídno) and '''Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwrndrobllllantysiliogogogóch'''.</ref> # |
| | |'''fílling |
| | |'''wéll''' |
| | |'''bélle''' ''beauty'' (= '''béll''' ''ring'') |
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| '''gèisha | | |- |
| | |'''M |
| | | |
| | |'''súmmer |
| | |'''Crámm''' (= '''crám''') |
| | |'''grámme''' (= '''grám''') |
| | |- |
| | |'''N |
| | | |
| | |'''dínner |
| | |'''ínn''' # ''pub'' |
| | |'''Ánne''' (= '''Ánn''') |
| | |- |
| | |'''O |
| | |'''oôze, oòmph''' # |
| | |'''foôd, foòt, flòod, doŏr''' |
| | |'''toô |
| | |'''Loôe''' (= '''loô''') |
| | |- |
| | |'''P |
| | | |
| | |'''flípped |
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| | |'''stéppe''' ''Asia'' # (= '''stép''' ''foot'') |
| | |- |
| | |'''Q |
| | | |
| | |'''Sadìqqi''' # |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''R |
| | | |
| | |'''érror |
| | |'''pürr |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''S |
| | | |
| | |'''méssy |
| | |'''lóss |
| | |'''crevásse |
| | |- |
| | |'''T |
| | | |
| | |'''bétter |
| | |'''ẁatt |
| | |'''couchétte''' -sh- |
| | |- |
| | |'''U |
| | | |
| | |'''vácuum''' # (*vákyoôm) |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''V |
| | | |
| | |'''révved''' # |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''W |
| | | |
| | |'''Lawwell''' # (accidental) |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''X |
| | | |
| | |'''[[Exxon|Éxxon]]''' ™ # |
| | |'''[[Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans|Bób B. Sóxx]]''' # |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''Y |
| | | |
| | |'''[[Omar Khayyam|Khayyàm]]''' # |
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| | | |
| | |- |
| | |'''Z |
| | | |
| | |'''fízzy |
| | |'''búzz |
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| | |} |
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| clóss- '''claustrophôbìa
| | ==Names of the letters== |
| | The names of the letters of the alphabet are rarely written out in English (a simple capital being the normal usage: "with a C, not a K") so that, unlike in many other languages, most of their spellings have a rather unofficial status. But they can be shown as follows, using real words where possible: |
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| -íshə '''Alícia
| | '''A''': '''â''' (the indefinite article, when stressed), '''èh?''' ''what? |
|
| |
|
| -ìssiə '''Galìcia
| | '''B''': '''bê''' ''exist'', '''bêe''' ''sting |
|
| |
|
| -íshə: rhymes with '''milítia''' - '''Patrícia
| | '''C''': occasionally '''cêe'''; '''sêe''' ''look'', '''sêa''' ''ship |
|
| |
|
| '''Albânia | | '''D''': [[River Dee|'''Dêe''' ''River]], ''surname'' |
|
| |
|
| '''Tanzanìa | | '''E''': '''ê''' as in '''êmail''', '''ê-mail |
|
| |
|
| '''Armênia | | '''F''': '''éff''' as in the euphemism '''éff óff |
|
| |
|
| .*skítzô-frêniə '''schizophrênia
| | '''G''': '''gêe''' ''up, exclamation'' *jêe |
|
| |
|
| Slovênia
| | '''H''': '''âitch''' as in '''drópping your âitches |
|
| |
|
| insómnia
| | '''I''': '''Î''' ''me'', '''eŷe''' ''vision |
|
| |
|
| Wó- Wallônia
| | '''J''': '''jây''' ''bird |
|
| |
|
| ària
| | '''K''': '''Kây''' ''person |
|
| |
|
| malãria
| | '''L''': '''él''' ''elevated railway'' ([[American English|AmE]]) |
|
| |
|
| Bavãria
| | '''M''': '''ém''' ''dash |
|
| |
|
| Lîbêria
| | '''N''': '''én''' ''dash |
|
| |
|
| hystêria
| | '''O''': '''ôwe''' ''debt'', '''ôh!''' ''exclamation |
|
| |
|
| pìts- pizzerìa
| | '''P''': '''pêa''' ''pod'', '''pêe''' ''urine'', '''p''' ''pence'' ([[British English|BrE]]) |
|
| |
|
| Victŏria
| | '''Q''': '''queûe''' ''line'', '''cûe''' ''ball'', ''prompt |
|
| |
|
| trattorìa
| | '''R''': '''àre''' ''be'', BrE '''àh''' ''exclamation |
|
| |
|
| .*Âyshə or *Âyzhə Âsia
| | '''S''': occasionally '''éss |
|
| |
|
| -zhə amnêsia | | '''T''': '''têa''' ''drink'', '''têe''' ''golf'', '''tì''' ''do-re-mi |
|
| |
|
| -zhə Indonêsia
| | '''U''': '''yoû''' ''me'', '''eŵe''' ''sheep |
|
| |
|
| .*Toô-nìzhə AmE; BrE Chû-nízìə Tunisia
| | '''V''': '''[[Bobby Vee|Vêe]]''' ''Bobby'' |
|
| |
|
| -zhə Maláysia
| | '''W''': "'''doúble you'''" (*dúblyu; cf. '''vácûum''', which actually does have a '''doúble Û''') |
|
| |
|
| -shə -tia | | '''X''': '''éx-''' ''past |
|
| |
|
| *Crôw-âyshə Croâtia
| | '''Y''': '''whŷ''' ''reason'' (voiced '''w''', as in BrE) |
|
| |
|
| Patrícia rhymes with milítia
| | '''Z''': BrE '''zéd''', AmE '''zêe |
|
| |
|
| inërtia
| | ==''The Chaos''== |
| | by Gerard Nolst Trenité |
|
| |
|
| vîa
| | This poem on pronunciation irregularities was first published in 1920. Accent marks, respellings and editorial comments have been added to reflect current [[British English]] pronunciation. The unadorned poem, with an introduction, can be found [http://ncf.idallen.com/english.html here]. |
|
| |
|
| trŏika
| |
|
| |
|
| là
| | '''The Châós''' (*câyóss) |
|
| |
|
| Kampàla
| |
|
| |
|
| Mandéla
| | Dêarest crêature ín creâtion |
|
| |
|
| -zwâyla Venezuèla
| | Stúdying English (*Ínglish) pronunciâtion, |
|
| |
|
| umbrélla
| | :Î wíll têach yoû ín mŷ vërse |
|
| |
|
| côla
| | :Sòunds lîke cŏrpse, cŏrps (*cŏr), hŏrse and wörse. |
|
| |
|
| scrófula
| | Î wíll kêep yoû, Sûsy, busy (*bízzy), |
|
| |
|
| .*pé-nínssyələ península
| | Mâke yŏur héad wíth hêat grôw dízzy; |
|
| |
|
| Mà
| | :Têar ín eŷe, yŏur dréss yŏu'll téar; |
|
| |
|
| Alabáma
| | :Quêer, fãir sêer (*sêe-er), hêar mŷ prãyer. |
|
| |
|
| Pánamà
| | Prây, consôle yŏur lòving pôet, |
|
| |
|
| dràma
| | Mâke mŷ côat loòk neŵ, dêar, sew (=sô) ít! |
| | |
| | :Júst compãre heàrt, hêar and hëard, |
|
| |
|
| or -mə cínemà
| | :Dîes and dîet (*dîət), lŏrd and wörd. |
|
| |
|
| Émma
| | Swŏrd (*sŏrd) and swård, retâin and Brítain |
|
| |
|
| dilémma
| | [Mînd the látter hòw ít's wrítten]. |
|
| |
|
| diplôma
| | :Mâde hás nót the sòund of báde, |
|
| |
|
| carcinôma
| | :Sây–said (*séd), pây–pâid, lâid but pláid. |
| | Nòw Î sůrely wíll nót plâgue yoû |
|
| |
|
| Victoriàna
| | Wíth súch wörds as vâgue and âgûe, |
|
| |
|
| .*Loû-êasy-Ánna Louisiána
| | :Bút bê cãreful hòw yoû spêak, |
|
| |
|
| banāna
| | :Sây: gúsh, bùsh, steâk, strêak, breâk, blêak, |
|
| |
|
| Montána
| | Prêvious, précious, fûchsia (*feŵsha), vîa, |
| | |
| | Récipê, pîpe, stúdding-sâil, choîr (=quîre); |
|
| |
|
| nìrvàna
| | :Wôven, óven, hòw and lôw, |
|
| |
|
| Guyána
| | :Scrípt, recêipt (*rissêet), shoe (=shoô), pôem, tôe. |
| | Sây, expécting fråud and tríckerỳ: |
|
| |
|
| vagîna
| | Dåughter (*dåwter), làughter (*làfter) ánd Terpsíchorê (*Terpsíckery), |
|
| |
|
| Regîna
| | :Brànch, rànch, mêasles, tópsails, aîsles (*îles), |
|
| |
|
| Polyánna
| | :Míssîles, símilês, revîles. |
| | Whôlly (=hôly), hólly, sígnal, sîgning (*sîning), |
|
| |
|
| hénna
| | Sâme, exámining, but mîning, |
| | |
| | :Schólar (*scóllar), vícar, and cigàr, |
|
| |
|
| anténna
| | :Sôlar, mîca, wår and fàr. |
|
| |
|
| tûna
| | From "desîre": desîrable - ádmirable from "admîre", |
|
| |
|
| bôa
| | Lúmber, plúmber, biêr, but brîer, |
| | |
| | :Tópsham, broûgham (*breŵəm), renòwn, but knôwn, |
|
| |
|
| Nôah rhymes with Gôa
| | :Knówledge, dòne, lône, góne, nòne, tône, |
|
| |
|
| môa
| | Òne (=wòn), anémonê, Balmóral, |
| | |
| | Kítchen, lîchen (=lîken), låundry, laurel (lórrel). |
|
| |
|
| Pà
| | :Gërtrude, Gërman (J-), wínd and wînd, |
|
| |
|
| spà
| | :Beau (=Bô), kînd, kíndred, queûe, mankînd, |
| | Tŏrtoise (*tŏrtus), türquŏise, chámois-léather (*shámwà-), |
|
| |
|
| brà
| | Rêading, Réading, hêathen, héather. |
|
| |
|
| cf. Ôprah - ópera
| | :Thís phonétic lábyrínth |
|
| |
|
| Pandŏra
| | :Gíves móss, grôss, broòk, brôoch, nînth, plínth. |
|
| |
|
| Andŏrra AmE; BrE Andórra
| | Háve yoû éver yét endéavoured |
|
| |
|
| Sumàtra
| | To (=toô)<ref>Strong form of '''to''', not normal in a verb's infinitive, necessitated by the metre.</ref> pronòunce revêred and sévered, |
|
| |
|
| Sinàtra
| | :Dêmon, lémon, ghoûl, fòul, sôul, |
|
| |
|
| ork- ŏrchestra
| | :Pêter, pétrol and patrôl? |
|
| |
|
| strâta AmE ≈ BrE strâighter - stràta
| | Bíllet dòes nót énd lîke bállèt (*bállây); |
|
| |
|
| táffeta
| | Boûquèt, ẁallet, mállet, chálèt. |
| | :Blòod and flòod are nót lîke foôd, |
| | |
| | :Nŏr ís môuld lîke shoùld and woùld (=woòd). |
|
| |
|
| excrêta
| | Bánquet ís nót nêarly pàrquèt, |
|
| |
|
| -wə Manágua
| | Whích exáctly rhŷmes wíth khàkì. ''—not usually nowadays'' |
| | |
| | :Díscòunt, vîscòunt (*vîcòunt), lôad and brŏad, |
| | |
| | :Towård, to fŏrward, to (=toô) rewård, |
|
| |
|
| -yûə or -wə Nicarágua
| | Rícochèted and crôchèting, crôquèt? |
|
| |
|
| nôva
| | Rîght! Yŏur pronunciâtion's OK.<ref>The pronunciation required by the metre is "ôkay", though the '''K''' is normally the stressed syllable: '''okây'''.</ref> |
|
| |
|
| sŏya
| | :Ròunded, woûnded, griêve and síeve, |
| | |
| | :Friénd and fiênd, alîve and líve. |
|
| |
|
| Gàza
| | Ís yŏur R corréct ín hîgher? |
|
| |
|
| plàza
| | Kêats assërts ít rhŷmes Thalîa. |
|
| |
|
| .*pêetsa pìzza | | :Hûgh, but húg, and hoòd, but hoôt, |
| | |
| | :Buŏyant, mínute, bút minûte. |
|
| |
|
| ===B===
| | Sây abscíssion wíth precísion, |
| náb
| |
|
| |
|
| jáb
| | Nòw: posítion ánd transítion; |
|
| |
|
| Árab
| | :Woùld ít tálly wíth mŷ rhŷme |
| | |
| | :Íf Î méntioned páradîgm? |
|
| |
|
| stáb
| | Twòpence, thréepence, têase are êasy, |
|
| |
|
| ébb
| | But cêase, crêase, grêase and grêasy? |
| | |
| | :Cŏrnice, nîce, valìse, revîse, |
|
| |
|
| fíb
| | :Râbíes, but lúllabîes. |
|
| |
|
| níb
| | Óf súch púzzling wörds as nåuseous, |
|
| |
|
| .*lám lámb
| | Rhŷming wéll wíth cåutious, tŏrtious, |
|
| |
|
| .*lím límb | | :Yoû'll envélop lísts, Î hôpe, |
| | |
| | :Ín a línen énvelôpe. |
|
| |
|
| ''up'' clîme = ''climate'' clîmb | | Woùld yoû lîke some mŏre? Yoû'll háve ít! |
|
| |
|
| .*côam cômb | | Áffidâvit, Dâvid, dávit. |
|
| |
|
| còme, húm, súm rhyme with -cúm succúmb
| | :To (=toô) abjûre, to përjure. Shèik |
| | |
| | :Dòes nót sòund lîke Czéch but âche. |
| | |
| | Líberty, lîbrary, hêave and héaven, |
|
| |
|
| .*dúm dúmb | | Râchel, lóch, moustàche, eléven. |
|
| |
|
| .*thúm thúmb
| | :Wê sây hállôwed, bút allòwed, |
|
| |
|
| ''fruit'' plúm = ''plumbing'' plúmb
| | :Pêople, léopard, tôwed but vòwed. |
|
| |
|
| .*núm númb
| | Màrk the dífference, moreôver, |
|
| |
|
| .*bóm bómb | | Betwêen mover (*moôver), plòver, Dôver. |
|
| |
|
| .*côam cômb
| | :Lêaches, brêeches, wîse, precîse, |
|
| |
|
| .*toôm tomb
| | :Chálíce, bút polìce and lîce, |
|
| |
|
| hóbnob
| | Cámel, cònstable, únstâble, |
|
| |
|
| .*dŏrnób dŏorknob | | Prínciple, discîple, lâbel. |
| | |
| | :Pétal, pênal, and canál, |
|
| |
|
| AmE *érb hërb
| | :Wâit, surmîse, pláit, prómíse, pál, |
|
| |
|
| vërb
| | Sûit, suìte, rûín. Cïrcuít, cónduít |
|
| |
|
| súburb
| | Rhŷme wíth "shïrk ít" and "beyónd ít". —''still?'' |
|
| |
|
| blürb
| | :Bút ít ís nót hàrd to téll |
|
| |
|
| pertürb
| | :Whŷ ít's påll, måll, but Páll Máll. |
|
| |
|
| distürb
| | Múscle, múscular, gâol (=jâil), îron, |
|
| |
|
| cúb
| | Tímber, clîmber, búllion, lîon, |
|
| |
|
| dúb
| | :Wörm and stŏrm, chaise (*shézz), châós, chãir, |
|
| |
|
| húb
| | :Sénator, spectâtor, mãyor, |
|
| |
|
| ===C===
| | Îvy, prívy, fâmous; clámour |
| mâniac
| |
|
| |
|
| insómniac
| | Hás thê Â of dráchm and hámmer. |
|
| |
|
| .*afrô-dízzỳác aphrodísìac
| | :Pùssy, hússy ánd posséss, |
|
| |
|
| lîlac
| | :Désert, but desërt, addréss. |
|
| |
|
| ålmanac
| | Gôlf, wolf (=Woòlf), còuntenance, lieuténants |
| | |
| | Hŏist ín lieû of flágs léft pénnants. |
|
| |
|
| Quebéc
| | :Coùrier, cŏurtier, tomb (*toôm), bómb, cômb, |
|
| |
|
| terrífic
| | :Còw, but Cowper (=Coôper), sòme and hôme. |
|
| |
|
| horrífic
| | "Sôlder, sôldier! Blòod ís thícker", |
|
| |
|
| lógic
| | Quôth hê, "than liqueûr ŏr líquor", |
| | :Mâking, ít ís sád but trûe, |
|
| |
|
| .*shêek chìc | | :Ín bravàdo, múch ado (*adoô). |
|
| |
|
| pýrrhic
| | Strânger dòes nót rhŷme wíth ánger, |
|
| |
|
| éthic
| | Neîther dòes devòur wíth clángour. —''neither does anger: *áng-gə'' |
| | :Pîlot, pívot, gåunt, but āunt, |
| | |
| | :Fónt, frònt, wônt, wånt, gránd and grānt. |
|
| |
|
| Góthic
| | Àrsenic, specífic, scênic, |
|
| |
|
| mýthic
| | Rélic, rhétoric, hygìênic. |
| | :Goòseberry, goôse, and clôse, but clôse, |
|
| |
|
| repúblic
| | :Páradise, rîse, rôse, and dôse. |
| | Sây invèigh, nèigh, but invêigle, |
|
| |
|
| seîsmic
| | Mâke the látter rhŷme wíth êagle. |
|
| |
|
| herôíc
| | :Mînd! Mêándering but mêan, |
|
| |
|
| cf. Pátrick - Éric
| | :Válentîne and mágazìne. |
|
| |
|
| ''ill'' '''síck''' = ''thus'' '''síc'''
| | Ánd Î bét yoû, dêar, a pénny, |
|
| |
|
| mûsic
| | Yoû sây máni-(fôld) lîke many (*ménny), |
|
| |
|
| dramátic
| | :Whích ís wróng. Sây râpier, pìêr, |
|
| |
|
| tråumátic
| | :Tîer (òne who tîes), but tìêr. |
|
| |
|
| fanátic
| | Àrch, archângel; prây, dòes ërring |
|
| |
|
| ''noun, verb'' státic
| | Rhŷme wíth hérring ŏr wíth stïrring? |
| | :Príson, bîson, tréasure trôve, |
|
| |
|
| parasític
| | :Trêason, hóver, còver, côve, |
|
| |
|
| plástic
| | Persevêrance, séverance. Ríbald |
|
| |
|
| drástic
| | Rhŷmes (but pîebåld dòesn't) wíth níbbled. |
| | | |
| acoûstic
| | :Phâeton, paêan, gnát, ghåt, gnåw, |
| | | |
| cf. adjective mýstical - noun mýstic
| | :Liên, psŷchic, shóne, bône, pshåw. |
| | | |
| ''loft'' '''áttic''' = ''Greek'' '''Áttic | | Dôn't bê dòwn, mŷ ôwn, but roúgh ít, |
| | |
| paralýtic
| |
| | |
| ''wood'' '''blóck''' = ''political'' '''blóc'''
| |
| | |
| súbfúsc
| |
| | |
| can be móllusk in American - móllusc
| |
| | |
| ===D===
| |
| bád
| |
| | |
| dád
| |
| | |
| ''book'' Bêde = ''string'' bêad
| |
| | |
| déad
| |
| | |
| héad
| |
| | |
| knêad
| |
| | |
| bréad
| |
| | |
| dréad
| |
| | |
| spréad
| |
| | |
| instéad
| |
| | |
| fád
| |
| | |
| hád
| |
| | |
| Ílìád
| |
| | |
| Jeremîád
| |
| | |
| trîád
| |
| | |
| lád
| |
| | |
| mád
| |
| | |
| gôad
| |
| | |
| rôad
| |
| | |
| brŏad
| |
| | |
| abrŏad
| |
| | |
| tôad
| |
| | |
| sád
| |
| | |
| qùad rhymes with ẁad
| |
| | |
| ádd
| |
| | |
| ódd
| |
| | |
| -did -ded
| |
| | |
| woûnded
| |
| | |
| låuded
| |
| | |
| procêed
| |
| | |
| hêed
| |
| | |
| nêed
| |
| | |
| grêed
| |
| | |
| wêed
| |
| | |
| áct = -ácked
| |
| | |
| ''tactful'' táct = ''tack'' tácked
| |
| | |
| stácked
| |
| | |
| AmE tráveled
| |
| | |
| -ld fîled
| |
| | |
| -ld smîled
| |
| | |
| -ld pîled
| |
| | |
| l doubled after stressed syllable - BrE and AmE rebélled
| |
| | |
| BrE trávelled
| |
| | |
| abándoned
| |
| | |
| boôed
| |
| | |
| -pt stépped
| |
| | |
| réd
| |
| | |
| scãred
| |
| | |
| .*sâycríd sâcred | |
| | |
| hámpered
| |
| | |
| cf. compãred - cómpéred
| |
| | |
| two syllables neûtered
| |
| | |
| revêred
| |
| | |
| sévered
| |
| | |
| mîred
| |
| | |
| cf. hâte - *hâtríd hâtred
| |
| | |
| cf. kînd - *kíndríd kíndred
| |
| | |
| -rəd húndred
| |
| | |
| food bâste = base bâsed
| |
| | |
| .*bîast bîased
| |
| | |
| -éssed mostly rhymes with -ést: conféssed
| |
| | |
| .*blést, but can be *bléssid before a noun bléssed
| |
| | |
| asséssed
| |
| | |
| obséssed
| |
| | |
| -tíd -ted
| |
| | |
| tàrgeted
| |
| | |
| .*rícoshâid rícochèted
| |
| | |
| intërpreted
| |
| | |
| excîted
| |
| | |
| éxited
| |
| | |
| ẁanted
| |
| | |
| bígoted
| |
| | |
| -vd shôved
| |
| | |
| -vd lòved
| |
| | |
| allòwed
| |
| | |
| hállowed
| |
| | |
| néxt rhymes with séxed
| |
| | |
| stãry-eŷed
| |
| | |
| stàrry-eŷed
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Bŏyd = ''buoy'' buŏyed
| |
| | |
| âid
| |
| | |
| lâid
| |
| | |
| ''make'' mâde = ''woman'' mâid
| |
| | |
| .*pâyed pâid
| |
| | |
| ''bray'' brâyed = ''hair'' brâid
| |
| | |
| .*séd said
| |
| | |
| bíd
| |
| | |
| díd
| |
| | |
| líd
| |
| | |
| sqùalid
| |
| | |
| válid
| |
| | |
| vŏid
| |
| | |
| rápid
| |
| | |
| vápid
| |
| | |
| flûíd
| |
| | |
| Réginald
| |
| | |
| Rónald
| |
| | |
| géld
| |
| | |
| héld
| |
| | |
| fìêld
| |
| | |
| wìêld
| |
| | |
| mèld
| |
| | |
| wéld
| |
| | |
| gíld
| |
| | |
| chîld
| |
| | |
| mîld
| |
| | |
| wîld
| |
| | |
| ôld
| |
| | |
| bôld
| |
| | |
| fôld
| |
| | |
| thrêefôld
| |
| | |
| gôld
| |
| | |
| hôld
| |
| | |
| x yêars ôld in the plural, but hyphens when it's an ''adjective, noun'' x-yêar-ôld
| |
| | |
| sôld
| |
| | |
| tôld
| |
| | |
| cf. gôld - Goûld
| |
| | |
| cf. coùld, shoùld and woùld, all -ùd - môuld
| |
| | |
| ánd
| |
| | |
| hánd
| |
| | |
| lánd
| |
| | |
| -lənd: mostly schwa in (place or people’s) names, where it conveys familiarity: -lánd suggests alienness, even lack of sovereignty -land
| |
| | |
| Tŷ- Thaîland
| |
| | |
| Blánd
| |
| | |
| Åuckland
| |
| | |
| Hólland
| |
| | |
| a as schwa before nouns, e.g. Ínland Révenue, otherwise á - ínlánd
| |
| | |
| mâinlánd
| |
| | |
| Fínland
| |
| | |
| Pôland
| |
| | |
| Láplánd
| |
| | |
| Súnderland
| |
| | |
| mòtherlánd
| |
| | |
| hínterlánd
| |
| | |
| ôverlánd
| |
| | |
| Swítzerland
| |
| | |
| Quêensland
| |
| | |
| Scótland
| |
| | |
| heàrtlánd
| |
| | |
| Mãryland
| |
| | |
| sánd
| |
| | |
| fìênd
| |
| | |
| friénd
| |
| | |
| blénd
| |
| | |
| pénd
| |
| | |
| rénd
| |
| | |
| sénd
| |
| | |
| ténd
| |
| | |
| wénd
| |
| | |
| bînd
| |
| | |
| ''crime'' fîned = ''discover'' fînd
| |
| | |
| hînd
| |
| | |
| one word hûmankînd
| |
| | |
| blînd
| |
| | |
| mînd
| |
| | |
| rînd
| |
| | |
| támarínd
| |
| | |
| ''blow'' wínd
| |
| | |
| ''round'' wînd
| |
| | |
| beyónd
| |
| | |
| ròund
| |
| | |
| woûnd
| |
| | |
| ''religion'' Gód = ''idol'' gód
| |
| | |
| clód
| |
| | |
| nód
| |
| | |
| pód
| |
| | |
| foôd
| |
| | |
| goòd
| |
| | |
| no y - lîkelihoòd
| |
| | |
| moôd
| |
| | |
| broôd
| |
| | |
| woòd
| |
| | |
| apart from monosyllables, mostly -ə(r)d -ard
| |
| | |
| càrd
| |
| | |
| '''bêard
| |
| | |
| '''hëard
| |
| | |
| '''hàrd
| |
| | |
| .*Ríchərd '''Ríchard | |
| | |
| '''shàrd
| |
| | |
| '''làrd
| |
| | |
| cf. ''wide'' '''brŏad''' - ''boring'' '''bŏred''' = ''wood, company'' '''bŏard
| |
| | |
| .*cúbbərd '''cúpboard
| |
| | |
| '''flŏorbŏard
| |
| | |
| .*lépərd '''léopard
| |
| | |
| '''lêotàrd
| |
| | |
| '''bāstard
| |
| | |
| bústard
| |
| | |
| .*gàrd guàrd
| |
| | |
| wård
| |
| | |
| báckward
| |
| | |
| åwkward
| |
| | |
| except for Fránkie Hòwerd: Hòward
| |
| | |
| yàrd
| |
| | |
| házard
| |
| | |
| lízard
| |
| | |
| wízard
| |
| | |
| blízzard
| |
| | |
| búzzard
| |
| | |
| ''hear'' hëard = ''animals'' hërd
| |
| | |
| nërd
| |
| | |
| bïrd
| |
| | |
| ''tie'' chŏrd = ''vocal'' cörd
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Fŏrd = ''water'' fŏrd
| |
| | |
| name suffix, -fəd -ford
| |
| | |
| Brádford
| |
| | |
| Rédford
| |
| | |
| Blándford
| |
| | |
| Rétford
| |
| | |
| Óxford
| |
| | |
| ''rope'' cŏrd = ''music'' chörd
| |
| | |
| wörd
| |
| | |
| absürd
| |
| | |
| türd
| |
| | |
| applåud
| |
| | |
| Måud
| |
| | |
| fråud
| |
| | |
| Î’d
| |
| | |
| ''listen'' hêed = ''he'' hê’d
| |
| | |
| shê’d
| |
| | |
| ''plant'' wêed = ''we'' wê’d
| |
| | |
| .*prâycêed prècis’d
| |
| | |
| ít’d
| |
| | |
| yoû’d
| |
| | |
| thèy’d
| |
| | |
| ===E===
| |
| Final '''e''' is mostly silent; for words normally italicised and ending in written -'''é''' see [[French words in English]] - '''e'''
| |
| | |
| AmE -ê -aê
| |
| | |
| nébulaê
| |
| | |
| fŏrmulaê
| |
| | |
| anténnaê
| |
| | |
| nôvaê
| |
| | |
| scrîbe
| |
| | |
| descrîbe
| |
| | |
| ''medicine'' prescrîbe ≈ ''illegal'' proscrîbe
| |
| | |
| zé- xénophobe
| |
| | |
| lôbe
| |
| | |
| fâce
| |
| | |
| .*préffis préface
| |
| | |
| .*ménnis ménace
| |
| | |
| Ẁallis = Ẁallace
| |
| | |
| .*Hórris, rhyming with words in -óris - Hórace
| |
| | |
| .*térris térrace
| |
| | |
| îce
| |
| | |
| sácrifîce
| |
| | |
| órifíce BrE; AmE ǒrifíce
| |
| | |
| sürplíce
| |
| | |
| nîce
| |
| | |
| Véníce
| |
| | |
| cŏrníce
| |
| | |
| hóspíce
| |
| | |
| thrîce
| |
| | |
| caprìce
| |
| | |
| trîce
| |
| | |
| pôultíce
| |
| | |
| láttíce
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' = práctíse BrE ''verb'' - práctíce
| |
| | |
| nôtíce
| |
| | |
| devîce
| |
| | |
| crévíce
| |
| | |
| véngeance
| |
| | |
| (sometimes written as in French) séance - sèànce
| |
| | |
| chānce
| |
| | |
| vígilance
| |
| | |
| románce
| |
| | |
| perfŏrmance
| |
| | |
| ''noun = verb'' either stressed fînánce
| |
| | |
| híndrance
| |
| | |
| forbéarance
| |
| | |
| ''enter'' éntrance
| |
| | |
| ''beguile'' entrānce
| |
| | |
| cf. exístence - stānce
| |
| | |
| cf. exístence - resístance
| |
| | |
| AmE lîcense, cf. BrE and AmE suspénse - lîcence
| |
| | |
| .*ákwêeyéssənss; cf. présence, -zənss - acquiéscence
| |
| | |
| câdence
| |
| | |
| décadence
| |
| | |
| transcéndence
| |
| | |
| subsîdence
| |
| | |
| évidence
| |
| | |
| próvidence
| |
| | |
| cf. dénse - fénce
| |
| | |
| AmE defénse - defénce
| |
| | |
| AmE offénse - offénce
| |
| | |
| hénce
| |
| | |
| scîence
| |
| | |
| -shənss cónscience
| |
| | |
| åudience
| |
| | |
| -âshence impâtience
| |
| | |
| cf. prevâil - prévalence
| |
| | |
| vîolence
| |
| | |
| përmanence
| |
| | |
| adhêrence
| |
| | |
| occúrrence
| |
| | |
| rêcúrrence
| |
| | |
| ábsence
| |
| | |
| cómpetence
| |
| | |
| séntence
| |
| | |
| insístence
| |
| | |
| cf. stānce - exístence
| |
| | |
| ínfluence
| |
| | |
| ''mint'' mínts ≈ ''meat'' mínce
| |
| | |
| ''print'' prínts ≈ ''royal'' prínce
| |
| | |
| fìêrce
| |
| | |
| pìêrce
| |
| | |
| enfŏrce
| |
| | |
| -êí- reinfŏrce
| |
| | |
| divŏrce
| |
| | |
| verbs -ésce
| |
| | |
| -éss acquiésce
| |
| | |
| .*côwaléss coalésce
| |
| | |
| -éss effervésce
| |
| | |
| BrE -dyoôss or -joôss, AmE doôss -dûce
| |
| | |
| redûce
| |
| | |
| indûce
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' prodûce
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' próduce
| |
| | |
| fâde
| |
| | |
| shâde
| |
| | |
| jâde
| |
| | |
| glâde
| |
| | |
| ''woman'' mâid = ''make'' mâde
| |
| | |
| granâde
| |
| | |
| sh-; AmE charâde - charàde
| |
| | |
| parâde
| |
| | |
| concêde
| |
| | |
| intercêde
| |
| | |
| supersêde
| |
| | |
| stressed in verbs, unstressed in nouns, but always pronounced -îde
| |
| | |
| régicide
| |
| | |
| sûicide
| |
| | |
| cŷanide
| |
| | |
| derîde
| |
| | |
| asîde
| |
| | |
| besîde
| |
| | |
| .*rizîde resîde
| |
| | |
| one word úpside
| |
| | |
| one word dòwnside
| |
| | |
| provîde
| |
| | |
| óxide
| |
| | |
| in some names -forde
| |
| | |
| íl- elûde
| |
| | |
| əl- allûde
| |
| | |
| lóngitude
| |
| | |
| látitude
| |
| | |
| áttitude
| |
| | |
| ''insect'' bêe
| |
| | |
| divorcêe
| |
| | |
| fêe
| |
| | |
| cóffee
| |
| | |
| banóffee
| |
| | |
| tóffee
| |
| | |
| Yánkee
| |
| | |
| glêe
| |
| | |
| referêe
| |
| | |
| as a suffix meaning ‘without’ -frêe should be at least hyphenated:
| |
| cãrefrêe and commítment-frêe
| |
| | |
| degrêe
| |
| | |
| pédigree
| |
| | |
| sêe
| |
| | |
| .*lîcencêe licensêe
| |
| | |
| cf. députy - devotêe
| |
| | |
| payêe
| |
| | |
| -êe has main stress when in contrast to emplŏyer - emplŏyêe
| |
| | |
| gáffe
| |
| | |
| lîfe
| |
| | |
| .*nîfe knîfe
| |
| | |
| wîfe
| |
| | |
| âge
| |
| | |
| mostly -íj -age
| |
| | |
| -íj cábbage
| |
| | |
| -íj bándage
| |
| | |
| .*hémərij haémorrhage
| |
| | |
| fôlìage
| |
| | |
| .*cárríj cárriage
| |
| | |
| .*márríj márriage
| |
| | |
| -àzh fûselage
| |
| | |
| -àzh cámouflage
| |
| | |
| -íj víllage
| |
| | |
| -àzh cóllage
| |
| | |
| -íj dámage
| |
| | |
| -íj mánage
| |
| | |
| -àzh bádinage
| |
| | |
| BrE *gáràj; *gáríj is regarded by many as uneducated; AmE *gəràzh gáràge
| |
| | |
| -íj áverage
| |
| | |
| -íj béverage
| |
| | |
| -íj lêverage
| |
| | |
| -àzh míràge
| |
| | |
| -íj stŏrage
| |
| | |
| BrE *báràj, AmE *bəràzh bárràge
| |
| | |
| sâge
| |
| | |
| BrE *məssàj, AmE *məssàzh mássàge
| |
| | |
| -íj méssage
| |
| | |
| -àzh dréssàge
| |
| | |
| -íj ûsage
| |
| | |
| -àzh sábotàge
| |
| | |
| -íj cóttage
| |
| | |
| -íj wâstage
| |
| | |
| -íj hóstage
| |
| | |
| -íj lánguage
| |
| | |
| -íj sávage
| |
| | |
| bádge
| |
| | |
| édge
| |
| | |
| plédge
| |
| | |
| slédge
| |
| | |
| -íj knówledge
| |
| | |
| mídge
| |
| | |
| rídge
| |
| | |
| brídge
| |
| | |
| pórridge
| |
| | |
| stódge
| |
| | |
| fúdge
| |
| | |
| sácrilege
| |
| | |
| prívilege
| |
| | |
| cf. édge - allége
| |
| | |
| oblîge
| |
| | |
| -êezh prestìge
| |
| | |
| -íj véstíge
| |
| | |
| chânge
| |
| | |
| whínge
| |
| | |
| lòunge
| |
| | |
| scròunge
| |
| | |
| Dôge
| |
| | |
| bàrge
| |
| | |
| làrge
| |
| | |
| dïrge
| |
| | |
| fŏrge
| |
| | |
| ürge
| |
| | |
| scöurge
| |
| | |
| pürge
| |
| | |
| sürge
| |
| | |
| .*âke âche
| |
| | |
| BrE *məstásh, AmE *mústásh moustàche
| |
| | |
| -kê synécdochê
| |
| | |
| cf. trôphy, átrophy - catástrophê
| |
| | |
| apóstrophê
| |
| | |
| *dhə before consonants, *dhê before vowels - thê
| |
| | |
| lôathe rhymes with clôthe
| |
| | |
| ''colour'' dŷe = ''death'' dîe
| |
| | |
| bïrdìê
| |
| | |
| Chàrly = Chàrlie
| |
| | |
| Wílly = Wílley = Wíllie
| |
| | |
| Cónnie
| |
| | |
| Lónnie
| |
| | |
| Rónnie
| |
| | |
| pîe
| |
| | |
| soft g - menágerìê
| |
| | |
| côterìê
| |
| | |
| cálorìê
| |
| | |
| éyrìê
| |
| | |
| bâke
| |
| | |
| câke
| |
| | |
| Jâke
| |
| | |
| cf. bláck, Bláck - Blâke
| |
| | |
| mâke
| |
| | |
| snâke
| |
| | |
| sâke
| |
| | |
| tâke
| |
| | |
| ''eat'' steâk = ''hold'' stâke
| |
| | |
| mistâke
| |
| | |
| lîke
| |
| | |
| chîldlîke
| |
| | |
| gódlîke
| |
| | |
| wårlîke
| |
| | |
| cátlîke
| |
| | |
| pîke
| |
| | |
| chôke
| |
| | |
| brôke
| |
| | |
| broòk rhymes with Ládbroke
| |
| | |
| broòk rhymes with Bólingbroke
| |
| | |
| evôke
| |
| | |
| provôke
| |
| | |
| wôke
| |
| | |
| rebûke
| |
| | |
| dûke
| |
| | |
| cf. ''noun, adjective'' fînal - ''noun'' finàlê
| |
| | |
| cf. ''adjective'' rátional - ''noun'' rationàle
| |
| | |
| cf. Âbel, Bâbel, lâbel, Mâbel - âble
| |
| | |
| impertürbable
| |
| | |
| applícable
| |
| | |
| dis- despícable
| |
| | |
| it is normal to retain an e before -able to show either the palatalised pronunciation of the preceding consonant or the long sound of the preceding vowel -eable
| |
| | |
| -nsəble pronòunceable
| |
| | |
| -jəble mánageable
| |
| | |
| -jəble chângeable
| |
| | |
| -kəble unshâkeable
| |
| | |
| -ləble sâleable
| |
| | |
| gâble
| |
|
| |
|
| cf. lâbel - avâilable
| | Ánd distínguish bùffèt, búffet; |
| | |
| unwínnable
| |
| | |
| ádmirable
| |
| | |
| desîrable
| |
| | |
| advîsable
| |
| | |
| tâble
| |
| | |
| debâtable
| |
| | |
| insurmòuntable
| |
| | |
| stâble
| |
| | |
| cònstable
| |
| | |
| forgívable
| |
| | |
| dábble
| |
| | |
| rábble
| |
| | |
| cf. rébel - pébble
| |
| | | |
| dríbble
| | :Broôd, stoòd, roôf, roòk, schoôl, woòl, boôn, |
| | |
| cóbble
| |
| | |
| góbble
| |
| | |
| hóbble
| |
| | |
| nóbble
| |
| | |
| wóbble
| |
| | |
| Húbble
| |
| | |
| rúbble
| |
| | |
| stúbble
| |
| | |
| édible
| |
| | |
| tánj- tángible
| |
| | |
| fállible
| |
| | |
| térrible
| |
| | |
| hórrible
| |
| | |
| comprehénsible
| |
| | |
| apprehénsible
| |
| | |
| sénsible
| |
| | |
| -sable is French - respónsible
| |
| | |
| axé- accéssible
| |
| | |
| colléctible
| |
| | |
| suscéptible
| |
| | |
| contémptible
| |
| irresístible
| |
| ámble
| |
| prê- preámble
| |
| gámble
| |
| rámble
| |
| scrámble
| |
| assémble
| |
| dissémble
| |
| *rizémble resémble
| |
| .*onsómble ensemble
| |
| nímble
| |
| thímble
| |
| búmble
| |
| crúmble
| |
| fúmble
| |
| grúmble
| |
| húmble
| |
| júmble
| |
| múmble
| |
| rúmble
| |
| grúmble
| |
| túmble
| |
| stúmble
| |
| nôble
| |
| doúble
| |
| AmE rûble = BrE roûble
| |
| troúble
| |
| pínnacle
| |
| bàrnacle
| |
| téntacle
| |
| óbstacle
| |
| .*vêícle vêhicle
| |
| véntricle
| |
| pàrticle
| |
| *úngkəl úncle
| |
| càrbuncle
| |
| tréadle
| |
| crâdle
| |
| páddle
| |
| stráddle
| |
| ẁaddle
| |
| tẁaddle
| |
| médal medallion = interfere méddle
| |
| bicycle pédal = sell péddle
| |
| díddle
| |
| fíddle
| |
| míddle
| |
| píddle
| |
| ríddle
| |
| códdle
| |
| cúddle
| |
| fúddle
| |
| befúddle
| |
| húddle
| |
| múddle
| |
| cándle
| |
| dándle
| |
| hándle
| |
| spíndle
| |
| noôdle
| |
| poôdle
| |
| | |
| gïrdle
| |
| | |
| cürdle
| |
| | |
| hürdle
| |
| | |
| kerfúffle
| |
| | |
| trúffle
| |
| | |
| strúggle
| |
| | |
| invêigle
| |
| | |
| g sounded separately from ng -ngle
| |
| | |
| ángle
| |
| | |
| bángle
| |
| | |
| dángle
| |
| | |
| spángle
| |
| | |
| wrángle
| |
| | |
| wángle
| |
| | |
| bürgle
| |
| | |
| bûgle
| |
| | |
| bîle
| |
| | |
| BrE -île, AmE -əl môbile
| |
| | |
| åutomobìle
| |
| | |
| fîle
| |
| | |
| BrE -île, AmE -əl frágile
| |
| | |
| Ánglophîle
| |
| | |
| mîle
| |
| | |
| símilê
| |
| | |
| .*fáx-íməly facsímilê
| |
| | |
| smîle
| |
| | |
| pîle
| |
| | |
| rîle
| |
| | |
| BrE -île, AmE -əl stérile
| |
| | |
| BrE -île, AmE -əl ''prayers'' míssal = ''war'' míssile
| |
| | |
| tîle
| |
| | |
| BrE -île, AmE -əl vólatile
| |
| | |
| mërcantîle
| |
| | |
| ínfantîle
| |
| | |
| BrE -île, AmE -əl hóstile
| |
| | |
| .*gîle, hard g - guîle
| |
| | |
| revîle
| |
| | |
| táckle
| |
| | |
| héckle
| |
| | |
| fréckle
| |
| | |
| píckle
| |
| | |
| tíckle
| |
| | |
| cóckle
| |
| | |
| búckle
| |
| | |
| ánkle
| |
| | |
| tínkle
| |
| | |
| wrínkle
| |
| | |
| wínkle
| |
| | |
| ''food'' gríll = ''screen'' grílle
| |
| | |
| ''fire'' côal = ''person'' Côle
| |
| | |
| dôle
| |
| | |
| hôle
| |
| | |
| môle
| |
| | |
| ''ballot'' pôll = ''Poland'' Pôle = ''wood'' pôle
| |
| | |
| ''over, eat'' rôll = ''play'' rôle
| |
| partíciple
| |
| | |
| ''adjective, person'' príncipal = ''belief'' prínciple
| |
| | |
| discîple
| |
| | |
| sāmple
| |
| | |
| exāmple
| |
| | |
| dímple
| |
| | |
| símple
| |
| | |
| rúmple
| |
| | |
| crúmple
| |
| | |
| stêeple rhymes with pêople
| |
| | |
| nípple
| |
| | |
| rípple
| |
| | |
| típple
| |
| | |
| coúple
| |
| | |
| scrûple
| |
| | |
| vással and in AmE words in -āstle rhyme with hássle
| |
| | |
| -zle tòusle
| |
| | |
| .*súttle súbtle
| |
| | |
| chŏrtle
| |
| | |
| -səl -stle
| |
| | |
| cāstle
| |
| | |
| véssel rhymes with -éstle
| |
| | |
| néstle
| |
| | |
| tréstle
| |
| | |
| wréstle
| |
| | |
| whístle
| |
| | |
| grístle
| |
| | |
| Rússell rhymes with -ústle
| |
| | |
| bústle
| |
| | |
| hústle
| |
| | |
| rústle
| |
| | |
| líttle
| |
| | |
| cáttle
| |
| | |
| kéttle
| |
| | |
| ''gold'' métal = ''courage'' méttle
| |
| | |
| bóttle
| |
| | |
| súbtle rhymes with shúttle
| |
| | |
| -ûel rhymes with -ûle
| |
| | |
| módule
| |
| | |
| mûle
| |
| | |
| rûle
| |
| | |
| cápsule
| |
| | |
| dázzle
| |
| | |
| fízzle
| |
| | |
| cf. drível - drízzle
| |
| | |
| sízzle
| |
| | |
| púzzle
| |
| | |
| mê
| |
| | |
| cf. âim - câme
| |
| | |
| gâme
| |
| | |
| lâme
| |
| | |
| sâme
| |
| | |
| frâme
| |
| | |
| tâme
| |
| | |
| extrême
| |
| | |
| dîme
| |
| | |
| .*rèzhìme regìme
| |
| | |
| lîme
| |
| | |
| ''verse'' rhŷme = ''frost'' rîme
| |
| | |
| tîme
| |
| | |
| íncòme
| |
| | |
| òutcòme
| |
| | |
| dôme
| |
| | |
| hôme
| |
| | |
| gênome
| |
| | |
| ''Alaska'' Nôme = ''garden'' gnôme
| |
| | |
| sòme
| |
| | |
| səm -some
| |
| | |
| troúblesome
| |
| | |
| hándsome
| |
| | |
| thrêesome
| |
| | |
| h- whôlesome
| |
| | |
| wínsome
| |
| | |
| cf. hysteréctomy - epítomê
| |
| | |
| .*rizyûme resûme
| |
| | |
| written with French accents avoids confusion with resûme: résumé
| |
| .*rézumây résumè
| |
| | |
| .*prizyûme presûme
| |
| | |
| -syû- consûme
| |
| | |
| -syû- assûme
| |
| | |
| ''frost'' rîme = ''verse'' rhŷme
| |
| | |
| ''fruit'' lîme = ''England'' Lŷme
| |
| | |
| énzŷme
| |
| | |
| bâne
| |
| | |
| ''persons'' Câin = Câine = stick câne
| |
| | |
| urbâne
| |
| | |
| Dâne
| |
| | |
| mêthane
| |
| | |
| Jâne
| |
| | |
| lâne
| |
| | |
| cf. remâin - ''relevant'' germâne
| |
| | |
| scêne
| |
| | |
| obscêne
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Germâine
| |
| | |
| -ône colôgne
| |
| | |
| -îgn rhymes with -îne
| |
| | |
| mìgrâine
| |
| | |
| Ukrâine
| |
| | |
| .*Mádlin or *Mádlən - '''Mádeleíne'''
| |
| | |
| refîne
| |
| | |
| confîne
| |
| | |
| éngíne
| |
| | |
| cf. hérôín ''drug'', hérôíne ''hero'' - méscalíne
| |
| | |
| declîne
| |
| | |
| reclîne
| |
| | |
| mîne
| |
| | |
| vërmín rhymes with ërmíne
| |
| | |
| detërmíne
| |
| | |
| sërpentîne
| |
| | |
| türpentîne
| |
| | |
| intéstíne
| |
| | |
| Chrístìne K-
| |
| | |
| prístìne
| |
| | |
| magazìne
| |
| | |
| ''win'' wòn = ''number'' òne
| |
| | |
| cône
| |
| | |
| cf. Stône of Scone, *Scoôn - scóne
| |
| | |
| dòne
| |
| | |
| condône
| |
| | |
| góne
| |
| | |
| alône
| |
| | |
| anémonê
| |
| | |
| nòne
| |
| | |
| atône
| |
| | |
| stône
| |
| | |
| cf. Kíngston, both schwa - Mâidstone
| |
| | |
| zône
| |
| | |
| ãirborne
| |
| | |
| Mélbourne
| |
| | |
| Êastbŏurne
| |
| | |
| *dí-mâin demèsne
| |
| | |
| = -ô, -ôw -ôe
| |
| | |
| ôboe
| |
| | |
| dôe
| |
| | |
| fôe
| |
| | |
| -oô shoe
| |
| | |
| -oô canoe
| |
| | |
| rôe
| |
| | |
| tôe
| |
| | |
| wôe
| |
| | |
| grâpe
| |
| | |
| Penélopê
| |
| | |
| ántelôpe
| |
| | |
| énvelôpe
| |
| | |
| shãre
| |
| | |
| prepãre
| |
| | |
| îronwãre
| |
| | |
| sóftwãre
| |
| | |
| -re as schwa - *âkə âcre
| |
| | |
| -re as schwa - -kə mássacre
| |
| | |
| ''ear'' hêar = ''this'' hêre
| |
| | |
| ''them'' théir = ''that'' thére
| |
| | |
| ''clothes'' wéãr = ''place'' whère
| |
| | |
| mêre
| |
| | |
| ''was'' wëre
| |
| | |
| sevêre
| |
| | |
| shîre
| |
| | |
| in England, schwa, -shə -shire
| |
| | |
| .*Glóstersher Glóucestershire
| |
| | |
| .*Léstersher Léicestershire
| |
| | |
| .*Wùstersher Worcestershire
| |
| | |
| -shîre in Scotland – though non-Scots may not comply Âyrshîre
| |
| | |
| hîre
| |
| | |
| mîre
| |
| | |
| AmE mêter = BrE length mêtre
| |
| | |
| cf. fŏr - befŏre
| |
| | |
| to the fŏre
| |
| | |
| thérefore
| |
| | |
| (and, for some, toûr ''guide'') ''rock'' tŏr = ''téar'' tŏre
| |
| | |
| bizàrre
| |
| | |
| cf. grándeûr - cûre
| |
| | |
| endûre
| |
| | |
| pāstûre
| |
| | |
| abjûre
| |
| | |
| -jə ínjure
| |
| | |
| -jə cònjure
| |
| | |
| përjure
| |
| | |
| lûre
| |
| | |
| -lyə fâilure
| |
| | |
| BrE əlyûə allûre
| |
| | |
| BrE Shåw = AmE sûre
| |
| | |
| -zhə -sure
| |
| | |
| pléasure
| |
| | |
| méasure
| |
| | |
| tréasure
| |
| | |
| léisure
| |
| | |
| clôsure
| |
| | |
| -sh- préssure
| |
| | |
| -sh- físsure
| |
| | |
| -chə -ture
| |
| | |
| matûre
| |
| | |
| nâture
| |
| | |
| státure
| |
| | |
| fûture
| |
| | |
| sûture
| |
| | |
| wê’re
| |
| | |
| ''of you'' yŏur = ''days'' yŏre = ''you are'' yŏu’re
| |
| | |
| ''here'' thére = ''them'' théir = ''they'' thèy’re
| |
| | |
| chêese, slêaze and frêeze rhyme with êase
| |
| | |
| -ss lêase
| |
| | |
| êase rhymes with plea plêas = request plêase
| |
| | |
| -ss crêase
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' -ss decrêase
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' -ss dêcrêase
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' -ss incrêase
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' -ss íncrêase
| |
| | |
| âce rhymes with châse
| |
| | |
| ''confuse'' fâze = ''temporary'' phâse
| |
| | |
| -êez (no nationalities end in -ìse); usually stressed but can become unstressed before a noun as in Jápanese -êse
| |
| | |
| chêese
| |
| | |
| jöurnalêse
| |
| | |
| Nepalêse
| |
| | |
| Jápanêse
| |
| | |
| Chînêse
| |
| | |
| in all words apart from those specified below, -îse can be spelt -îze, for example críticize, and this is how -îse is pronounced in most verbs -îse
| |
| | |
| críticîse
| |
| | |
| noun, verb pronounced but never spelt -ize éxercîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize mërchandîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize fránchîse
| |
| | |
| vërbalîse
| |
| | |
| rêalise
| |
| | |
| êqualîse
| |
| | |
| valìse
| |
| | |
| fërtilîse
| |
| | |
| never spelt -ize because it is a noun and pronounced -íss prémíse
| |
| | |
| noun, verb never spelt -ize because pronounced -íss prómíse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize cómpromîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize surmîse
| |
| | |
| .*pŏrpus pŏrpoise
| |
| | |
| .*tŏrtus tŏrtoise
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize despîse
| |
| | |
| glámorise
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize comprîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize surprîse
| |
| | |
| presh- pressurîse
| |
| | |
| émphasîse
| |
| | |
| práctíce = ''BrE verb'' práctíse
| |
| | |
| áppetîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize ádvertîse
| |
| | |
| .*éxpertêez expertìse
| |
| | |
| silent u; pronounced but never spelt -ize disguîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize advîse
| |
| | |
| cf. noun devîce - -z verb devîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt *wîze wîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -wize -wîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize lîkewîse
| |
| | |
| pronounced but never spelt -ize clóckwîse
| |
| | |
| -ss, as also hénce, fénce - dénse
| |
| | |
| sénse
| |
| | |
| nónsense
| |
| | |
| cf. defénce, lîcence, offénce where AmE has -ense, all -ss suspénse
| |
| | |
| -ss dôse
| |
| | |
| -z chôse
| |
| | |
| grandiôse
| |
| | |
| .*loôze lose
| |
| | |
| ''noun, adjective'' -s, ''verb'' -z clôse
| |
| | |
| -z nôse
| |
| | |
| -z choôse
| |
| | |
| .*lûce loôse
| |
| | |
| -z expôse
| |
| | |
| can have French accent: exposé *expôzây expôsè
| |
| | |
| -z rôse
| |
| | |
| ápse
| |
| | |
| lápse
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' rêlapse
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' relápse
| |
| | |
| collápse
| |
| | |
| trâipse
| |
| | |
| eclípse
| |
| | |
| wood = cóps cop cópse
| |
| | |
| hëarse
| |
| | |
| cf. revërse - rehëarse
| |
| | |
| tërse
| |
| | |
| vërse
| |
| | |
| avërse
| |
| | |
| ádverse
| |
| | |
| cf. rehëarse - revërse
| |
| | |
| gŏrse
| |
| | |
| hŏrse
| |
| | |
| wörse
| |
| | |
| bŏurse
| |
| | |
| cŏurse
| |
| | |
| -z ûse
| |
| | |
| no -z refûse
| |
| | |
| ''rubbish'' -ss réfuse
| |
| | |
| -z mûse
| |
| | |
| -ss spòuse
| |
| | |
| -îze ánalyse
| |
| | |
| -îze páralyse
| |
| | |
| ''lure'' bâit = ''anger, breath'' bâte
| |
| | |
| debâte
| |
| | |
| rêbâte
| |
| | |
| -âte verb, -ət noun prédicate
| |
| | |
| índicâte
| |
| | |
| víndicâte
| |
| | |
| -ət certíficate
| |
| | |
| BrE -ət, AmE -âte - cándidate
| |
| | |
| fâte
| |
| | |
| hâte
| |
| | |
| lâte
| |
| | |
| -âte ''verb'', -ət ''adjective'' artículate
| |
| | |
| régulâte
| |
| | |
| mâte
| |
| | |
| -ít or -ət clîmate
| |
| | |
| -âte ''verb'', -ət ''adjective'' éstimate
| |
| | |
| spâte
| |
| | |
| séparate
| |
| | |
| -rət dísparate
| |
| | |
| -âte ''verb'', -ət ''adjective'' delíberate
| |
| | |
| exónerâte
| |
| | |
| -rət désperate
| |
| | |
| émigrate
| |
| | |
| ímmigrate
| |
| | |
| -âte ''verb'', -ət ''adjective'' eláborate
| |
| | |
| máj- mágistrâte
| |
| | |
| démonstrâte
| |
| | |
| rémonstrâte
| |
| | |
| -âte ''verb'', -ət ''adjective'' precípitate
| |
| | |
| áctivâte
| |
| | |
| effête
| |
| | |
| complête
| |
| | |
| .*sôshalîte sôcialîte
| |
| | |
| elìte
| |
| | |
| polîte
| |
| | |
| gráníte
| |
| | |
| fînîte
| |
| | |
| .*définət définite
| |
| | |
| .*ínfinət ínfinite
| |
| | |
| unîte
| |
| | |
| despîte
| |
| | |
| AmE réspíte - réspîte
| |
| | |
| hýpocríte
| |
| | |
| AmE -or- fâvouríte
| |
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| Trótskyîte
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| can be written Brontë - Bróntê
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| ánecdote
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| ántidote
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| môte
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| nôte
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| vôte
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| fŏrtè
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| càste
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| hâste
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| châste
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| -étte
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| oô- oubliétte
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| serviétte
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| cf. hámlet - *ómlet ómelette
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| kitchenétte
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| tríbûte
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| cóntríbûte
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| dístríbûte
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| ''noun'' áttribûte
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| ''verb'' attríbute
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| .*mínít ''time'' mínute
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| .*mŷ-neŵt ''small'' mînûte
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| repûte
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| compûte
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| cf. ínput - impûte
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| bŷte
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| nêophŷte
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| silent unless shown with an accent -ue
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| âgûe
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| .*lêag lêague
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| ''persons'' Hãig = Hâigh = ''city, person'' Hâgue
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| .*plâig plâgue
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| .*Pràg Pràgue
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| -êeg noun íntrigue
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| -êeg verb intrìgue
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| -êeg fatìgue
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| .*meráng meringue
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| .*túng tòngue
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| -óg sýnagogue
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| -óg dîalogue
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| àrgûe
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| ''blow'' bleŵ = ''colour'' blûe
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| clûe
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| glûe
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| -àk pláque
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| -âik opâque
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| cf. reálpolitìk - critìque
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| -ésk burlésque
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| -ésk picturésque
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| -ósk mósque
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| cf. brísk -ùsk brùsque
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| ''Susan'' Sûe = ''law'' sûe
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| .*insyû ensûe
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| -syû pursûe
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| .*íshû íssue
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| .*tíshû tíssue
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| câve
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| Dâve
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| gâve
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| háve
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| cónclâve
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| pâve
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|
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|
| râve
| | :Worcester (*Wùster), Boleýn, to (=toô) impûgn. |
| | Sây ín sòunds corréct and stërling |
|
| |
|
| crâve
| | Hëarse, hêar, heàrken, yêar and yëarling ''—yëar and yêarling are about as likely'' |
|
| |
|
| ''serious, dead'' grâve
| | Êvil, dévil, mézzotínt, |
|
| |
|
| ''accent'' gràve
| | :Mînd the Z (zéd)! (A géntle hínt.) |
|
| |
|
| sw- suàve
| | Nòw yoû nêed nót pây atténtion |
|
| |
|
| êve
| | To (=toô) súch sòunds as Î dôn't méntion, |
| | :Sòunds lîke pŏres, påuse, pŏurs and påws, |
| | |
| | :Rhŷming wíth the prônòun yŏurs; |
|
| |
|
| slêeve
| | Nŏr are próper nâmes inclûded, |
|
| |
|
| belìêve
| | Thôugh Î óften hëard, as yoû díd, |
| | :Fúnny rhŷmes to ûnicŏrn, |
| | |
| | :Yés, yoû knôw them, Våughan and Stråchan —''nowadays regularised to *Strákhən |
|
| |
|
| relìêve
| | Nô, mŷ mâiden, cŏy and còmely, |
| | |
| grìêve
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| síeve
| |
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| sémibrêve
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| côërcíve
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| dîve
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| éndíve
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| recêive
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| concêive
| |
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| fîve
| |
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| cf. jîve ''dance'' - hard g in ''take'' gíve
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| hîve
| |
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| líve
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| alîve
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| derîve
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| contrîve
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| adhêsíve
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| offénsive
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| crêâtive
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| tålkatíve
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| imáginative
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| repétitive
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| arrîve
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| persuâsive
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| sénsitíve
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| môtíve
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| revîve
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| abòve
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| bird dòve
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| (BrE is regular dîved) AmE dive dôve
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| England Hôve = heave hôve
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| shòve
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| lòve
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| glòve
| |
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| û move
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| groôve
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| rôve
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| grôve
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| stôve
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| trôve
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| strôve
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| nërve
| |
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| sërve
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| .*prizërv presërve
| |
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| Î’ve
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| wê’ve
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| yoû’ve
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| thèy’ve
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| Zimbàbwè
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| Lilóngwè
| |
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| AmE áx - áxe
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| yê
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| ''me'' Î = ''sight'' eŷe
| |
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| ''pig, eye'' stŷ = ''eye'' stŷe
| |
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| plêase and frêeze rhyme with slêaze
| |
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| fâze
| |
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| gâze
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| ádze
| |
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| free frêes = cold frêeze
| |
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| trapêze
| |
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| most words in -îse can also be spelt -îze: all exceptions are listed under -îse -îze
| |
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| never -ise sêize
| |
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| apart prîse = present prîze
| |
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| never -ise sîze
| |
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| dôze
| |
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| búlldoze
| |
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| Drûze
| |
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| AmE; BrE ánalŷse, both pronounced -îze ánalŷze
| |
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| AmE; BrE páralŷse, both pronounced -îze páralŷze
| |
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| ===F===
| |
| '''chìêf
| |
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| míschíef
| |
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| thìêf
| |
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| belìêf
| |
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| relìêf
| |
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| stāff
| |
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| whíff
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| táriff
| |
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| óff
| |
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| féoff
| |
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| Géoff
| |
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| blúff
| |
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| stúff
| |
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| íf
| |
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| '''sérif
| |
| | |
| cf. ''reason'' '''môtíve''' - *mô-têef ''pattern'' '''môtìf
| |
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| Álf
| |
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| .*cāf cālf
| |
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| .*hāf hālf
| |
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| one word himsélf
| |
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| one word hersélf
| |
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| one word yoursélf
| |
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| one word itsélf
| |
| | |
| one word mŷsélf
| |
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| gôlf
| |
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| = Rôlph - Rôlf
| |
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| .*wùlf wolf
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| gúlf
| |
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| Bêowùlf
| |
| | |
| No expressions with [[modal verbs]] followed by ‘of’ exist. What may sound like ‘of’ is the weak form of háve and so this or apostrophes should be written instead: woùld have, shoùld’ve, cān’t have, mîght’ve etc. - *óv óf
| |
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| goôf
| |
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| hoôf
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| roôf
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| ===G===
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| fág
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| hág
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| nág
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| drág
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| ság
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| lég
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| pég
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| díg
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| jíg
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| píg
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| wíg
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| égg
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| sáng
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| âgeing
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| cf. ''sing'' '''sínging''' - -j- ''singe'' '''síngeing'''
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| .*âking '''âcheing'''
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| '''mâking'''
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| ''snooker, drama'' '''cûeing''' = ''line'' '''queûeing'''
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| '''rûeing'''
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| '''brínging'''
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| cf. ''singe'' '''síngeing''' -j- - ''sing'' '''sínging'''
| |
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| '''thíng'''
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| often mispronounced 'Beizhing': why did they change it from '''Pêking'''? '''Bèijíng'''
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| AmE lâbeling
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| fîling
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| BrE lâbelling
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| fílling
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| dúmpling
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| êvening
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| mîning
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| exámining
| |
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| sound bŏing
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| .*dûíng doing
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| gôing
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| tûí- toíng and frôíng
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| ''bell, round'' ríng
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| bríng
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| ''squeeze'' wríng
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| síng
| |
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| cf. râcing - râising
| |
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| tàrgeting
| |
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| intërpreting
| |
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| gétting
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| forgétting
| |
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| bétting
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| accrûing
| |
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| flôwing
| |
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| lápwing
| |
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| léft-wíng
| |
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| rîght-wíng
| |
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| lóng
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| sóng
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| dúng
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| lúng
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| súng
| |
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| bóg
| |
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| dóg
| |
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| hóg
| |
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| lóg
| |
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| cf. Jôe Blóggs - blóg
| |
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| Stríndbërg
| |
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| îcebërg
| |
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| .*Hŷdlebërg Heîdelbërg
| |
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| Bŏrg
| |
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| Mágdebürg
| |
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| Lúxemböurg
| |
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| .*Shãrebŏrg Chérbourg
| |
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| .*Strázbërg Strásböurg
| |
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| búg
| |
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| dúg
| |
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| thúg
| |
| | | |
| slúg
| | Î dôn't ẁant to spêak of Chòlmondeley (*Chúmley). |
| | | |
| túg
| | :Nô. Yét Froûde compãred wíth pròud |
| | |
| ===H===
| |
| or any number of '''à'''’s '''àh
| |
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| mostly schwa -ah
| |
| | |
| cf. Marìa - Marîah
| |
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| parîah
| |
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| blàh
| |
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| ayatóllah
| |
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| Gôa rhymes with Nôah
| |
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| hurràh
| |
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| Ûtàh
| |
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| êach
| |
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| blêach
| |
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| pêach
| |
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| rêach
| |
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| impêach
| |
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| AmE *spínních; BrE *spínnídge spínach
| |
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| tree = bêach sand - bêech
| |
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| besêech
| |
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| .*ték: abbreviation of téchnical; also hî-téch - téch
| |
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| whích
| |
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| -k Zûrich
| |
| | |
| cf. Åldwých -wích
| |
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| and S- town; AmE -ch; BrE -dge sándwich
| |
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| .*Woòlidge Woòlwich
| |
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| .*Brómmidge Brómwich | |
| | |
| .*Grénnidge Gréenwich | |
| | |
| .*Hárrídge Hárwich
| |
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| .*Nórrídge, rhyming with pórridge - though some say -rích Nórwich
| |
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| -wích Ípswich
| |
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| -wích Drŏitwich
| |
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| -wích Nántwich
| |
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| squélch
| |
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| ''person'' Wélsh = ''Wales'' Wélch
| |
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| fílch
| |
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| zílch
| |
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| drénch
| |
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| sténch
| |
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| wénch
| |
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| ínch
| |
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| sínch
| |
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| wínch
| |
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| cónch
| |
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| búnch
| |
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| húnch
| |
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| púnch
| |
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| lýnch -ch
| |
| | |
| ''down, wash'' sínk = ''together'' sýnch
| |
|
| |
|
| -dóck Mürdoch
| | :Ís nô bétter thán McLeod (*McClòud). |
|
| |
|
| smoôch
| | But mînd trívial and vîal, |
|
| |
|
| àrch
| | Trîpod, mênial, denîal, |
| | |
| | :Trôll and trólley, réalm and rêam, |
| | |
| | :Schédule, míschief, schísm, and schême. |
| | Àrgil, gíll, Argŷll, gíll. Sůrely |
|
| |
|
| sëarch
| | Mây bê mâde to rhŷme wíth Råleigh, |
| | |
| | :Bút yŏu're nót suppôsed to sây |
|
| |
|
| làrch
| | :Pìquèt rhŷmes wíth sóbriquèt. |
|
| |
|
| -k pâtriàrch
| | Hád thís ínvalid inválid |
|
| |
|
| -ək mónarch
| | Wörthless dócuments? Hòw pállid, |
| | | |
| kítsch
| | :Hòw uncoûth hê, còuchant, loòked, |
| | | |
| pùtsch
| | :Whén for Pŏrtsmouth Î had boòked! |
| | |
| bátch
| |
| | |
| cátch
| |
| | |
| hátch
| |
| | |
| nátch
| |
| | |
| ẁatch
| |
| | |
| étch
| |
| | |
| fétch
| |
| | |
| kétch
| |
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| ítch
| |
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| dítch
| |
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| hítch
| |
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| glítch
| |
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| pítch
| |
| | |
| stítch
| |
| | |
| cf. Åldwých - what whích = wizard wítch
| |
| | |
| twítch
| |
| | |
| bótch
| |
| | |
| hótchpotch
| |
| | |
| Dútch
| |
| | |
| múch
| |
| | |
| -k eûnuch
| |
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| còuch
| |
| | |
| toúch
| |
| | |
| vòuch
| |
| | |
| súch
| |
| | |
| cf. place names in -wích - Åldwých
| |
| | |
| Rìyadh
| |
| | |
| ''ð'' éth or édh
| |
| | |
| *ây èh
| |
| | |
| mostly silent gh
| |
| | |
| ''no'' nây = ''horse'' nèigh
| |
| | |
| ''kill'' slây = ''ride'' slèigh
| |
| | |
| cf. convèy, purvèy - invèigh
| |
| | |
| ''how'' wây = ''heavy'' wèigh
| |
| | |
| ''greeting'' hî = ''up'' hîgh
| |
| | |
| cf. voiced th in thŷ: vowel sound identical - unvoiced th in thîgh
| |
| | |
| .*sîe sîgh
| |
| | |
| .*Éddinbrə Édinburgh
| |
| | |
| .*Frâzerbrə Frâserburgh
| |
| | | |
| .*Pítsbürg Píttsburgh
| | Zeûs, Thêbes, Thales, Aphrodîtê, |
| | |
| BrE *làf AmE *láf lāugh
| |
| | |
| -òw bòugh
| |
| | |
| -ô thôugh
| |
| | |
| -ôw fûrlôugh
| |
| | |
| .*slòu - ''England'' Slòugh = ''swamp'' slòugh
| |
| | |
| .*slúff ''skin'' sloúgh
| |
| | |
| .*rúff roúgh
| |
| | |
| -û - ''throw'' threŵ = ''preposition'' throûgh
| |
| | |
| AmE = búrrow ''ground'' - BrE *búrrə bòrough
| |
| | |
| .*Lúfbrə Loúghborough
| |
| | |
| .*Scàrbrə Scàrborough
| |
| | |
| .*Míddlzbrə Míddlesborough
| |
| | |
| BrE *thúrrə, AmE *thúrrôw thòrough
| |
| | |
| -óff trôugh
| |
| | |
| -úff toúgh
| |
| | |
| -úff enoúgh
| |
| | |
| letter Ô = exclamation ôh
| |
| | |
| -f -ph
| |
| | |
| Rálph
| |
| | |
| oòmph
| |
| | |
| trîumph
| |
| | |
| lýmph
| |
| | |
| nýmph
| |
| | |
| mŏrph
| |
| | |
| glýph
| |
| | |
| AmE -r, BrE silent -rrh
| |
| | |
| catàrrh
| |
| | |
| mÿrrh
| |
| | |
| ásh
| |
| | |
| básh
| |
| | |
| cásh
| |
| | |
| dásh
| |
| | |
| gásh
| |
| | |
| hásh
| |
| | |
| flásh
| |
| | |
| slásh
| |
| | |
| smásh
| |
| | |
| rásh
| |
| | |
| crásh
| |
| | |
| thrásh
| |
| | |
| stásh
| |
| | |
| qùash
| |
| | |
| ẁash
| |
| | |
| Bangladésh
| |
| | |
| mésh
| |
| | |
| frésh
| |
| | |
| thrésh
| |
| | |
| réddish
| |
| | |
| chîldish
| |
| | |
| gàrnish
| |
| | |
| tàrnish
| |
| | |
| vàrnish
| |
| | |
| Cŏrnish
| |
| | |
| bürnish
| |
| | |
| fürnish
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Ẁalsh
| |
| | |
| -sh - ''person'' Wélch = ''Wales'' Wélsh
| |
| | |
| bánish
| |
| | |
| Spánish
| |
| | |
| vánish
| |
| | |
| ''end'' fínish = ''Finland'' Fínnish
| |
| | |
| astónish
| |
| | |
| vàrnish
| |
| | |
| wísh
| |
| | |
| fíftyish
| |
| | |
| cósh
| |
| | |
| dósh
| |
| | |
| nósh
| |
| | |
| whoòsh
| |
| | |
| pósh
| |
| | |
| tósh
| |
| | |
| bùsh
| |
| | |
| lúsh
| |
| | |
| blúsh
| |
| | |
| flúsh
| |
| | |
| plúsh
| |
| | |
| pùsh
| |
| | |
| rúsh
| |
| | |
| thrúsh
| |
| | |
| mostly unvoiced -th
| |
| | |
| déath
| |
| | |
| hêath
| |
| | |
| bréath
| |
| | |
| wrêath
| |
| | |
| ôath
| |
| | |
| pāth
| |
| | |
| -drət + unvoiced th - húndredth
| |
| | |
| shibbóleth
| |
| | |
| voiced th - wíth
| |
| | |
| héalth
| |
| | |
| stéalth
| |
| | |
| wéalth
| |
| | |
| plínth
| |
| | |
| nînth
| |
| | |
| bôth
| |
| | |
| dòth
| |
| | |
| lôth
| |
| | |
| slôth
| |
| | |
| ëarth
| |
| | |
| dëarth
| |
| | |
| heàrth
| |
| | |
| bïrth
| |
| | |
| gïrth
| |
| | |
| héncefŏrth
| |
| | |
| Fïrth of Fŏrth
| |
| | |
| gô fŏrth
| |
| | |
| nŏrth
| |
| | |
| wörth
| |
| | |
| ''4th'' fŏurth
| |
| | |
| noun th unvoiced, verb th voiced mòuth
| |
| | |
| ou as schwa, th unvoiced -mouth
| |
| | |
| -məth Bŏurnemouth
| |
| | |
| -məth Pŏrtsmouth
| |
| | |
| -məth Plýmouth
| |
| | |
| síxth
| |
| | |
| voiced th - ''casual'' blîthe = ''persons'' Blŷthe = Blŷth
| |
| | |
| voiced th - ''persons'' Smŷthe = Smŷth
| |
| | |
| or AmE schwa = BrE er - úh
| |
| | |
| ===I===
| |
| -î or -ì
| |
| | |
| Dubaî
| |
| | |
| h sounded Shanghaî
| |
| | |
| Ábu Dhàbi
| |
| | |
| rábbî
| |
| | |
| álibî
| |
| | |
| Sàùdì
| |
| | |
| likewise other plurals of -us - nûclêî
| |
| | |
| Hawàìì
| |
| | |
| Isrâeli
| |
| | |
| Disrâeli
| |
| | |
| *sémmy - sémi
| |
| | |
| number = pîe eat pî
| |
| | |
| girls’ names tend to end in -i or -ie, boys’ in -y - Térrì
| |
| | |
| ===J, K===
| |
| -zh Ràj
| |
| | |
| ''Mahal'' -zh Tàj
| |
| | |
| -dj hàjj
| |
| | |
| -que = -k
| |
| | |
| ''vegetable'' lêek = ''liquid'' lêak
| |
| | |
| blêak
| |
| | |
| spêak
| |
| | |
| ''car'' brâke = ''pieces'' breâk
| |
| | |
| strêak
| |
| | |
| têak
| |
| | |
| ''money, wood'' stâke = ''meat'' steâk
| |
| | |
| ''days'' wêek = ''feeble'' wêak
| |
| | |
| flák
| |
| | |
| ánorák
| |
| | |
| háck
| |
| | |
| sáck
| |
| | |
| déck
| |
| | |
| líck
| |
| | |
| gímmick
| |
| | |
| hŏick
| |
| | |
| bríck
| |
| | |
| síck
| |
| | |
| tíck
| |
| | |
| Pàrtick
| |
| | |
| cf. Éric - Pátrick
| |
| | |
| Bûíck
| |
| | |
| quíck
| |
| | |
| wíck
| |
| | |
| .*Wórrick Ẁarwick
| |
| | |
| .*Bérrick Bérwick
| |
| | |
| w sounded in Lërwick
| |
| | |
| .*Kézzíck Késwick
| |
| | |
| .*Smédhík Sméthwick
| |
| | |
| cf. Bangkók - cóck
| |
| | |
| dóck
| |
| | |
| lóck
| |
| | |
| wédlock
| |
| | |
| flóck
| |
| | |
| wårlock
| |
| | |
| .*nóck knóck
| |
| | |
| sóck
| |
| | |
| dúck
| |
| | |
| lúck
| |
| | |
| ''liquid'' lêak = ''vegetable'' lêek
| |
| | |
| mêek
| |
| | |
| rêek
| |
| | |
| sêek
| |
| | |
| ''feeble'' wêak = ''days'' wêek
| |
| trék
| |
| | |
| cf. sqwåwk - -åwk -ålk
| |
| | |
| or båulk - -åwk bålk
| |
| | |
| -åwk chålk
| |
| | |
| cf. talcum powder tálc, l sounded - -åwk speak tålk
| |
| | |
| -åwk ''bird'' stŏrk BrE = ''plant, follow'' stålk
| |
| | |
| -åwk wålk
| |
| | |
| whélk
| |
| | |
| .*fôk fôlk
| |
| | |
| -fək Nŏrfolk
| |
| | |
| -fək Súffolk
| |
| | |
| bánk
| |
| | |
| sánk
| |
| | |
| tánk
| |
| | |
| thánk
| |
| | |
| dránk
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Fránk = ''honest'' fránk
| |
| | |
| thínk
| |
| | |
| rínk
| |
| | |
| drínk
| |
| | |
| shrínk
| |
| | |
| sínk
| |
| | |
| hónk
| |
| | |
| plónk
| |
| | |
| mònk
| |
| | |
| hónky-tónk
| |
| | |
| fúnk
| |
| | |
| Bángkók
| |
| | |
| noòk
| |
| | |
| spoôk
| |
| | |
| roòk
| |
| | |
| broòk
| |
| | |
| wók
| |
| | |
| pàrk
| |
| | |
| jërk
| |
| | |
| bersërk
| |
| | |
| smïrk
| |
| | |
| shïrk
| |
| | |
| kïrk
| |
| | |
| quïrk
| |
| | |
| wörk
| |
| | |
| lürk
| |
| | |
| Türk
| |
| | |
| āsk
| |
| | |
| bāsk
| |
| | |
| flāsk
| |
| | |
| tāsk
| |
| | |
| désk
| |
| | |
| ''record'' dísc = ''computer'' dísk
| |
| | |
| whísk
| |
| | |
| óbelisk
| |
| | |
| rísk
| |
| | |
| ásterisk
| |
| | |
| dúsk
| |
| | |
| músk
| |
| | |
| túsk
| |
| | |
| åuk
| |
| | |
| squåwk
| |
| | |
| ===L===
| |
| lógical
| |
| | |
| mýthical
| |
| | |
| puritánical
| |
| | |
| histórical
| |
| | |
| hystérical
| |
| | |
| thêátrical
| |
| | |
| mûsical
| |
| | |
| práctical
| |
| | |
| scéptical
| |
| | |
| mýstical
| |
| | |
| nåutical
| |
| | |
| quízzical
| |
| | |
| fôcal
| |
| | |
| lôcal
| |
| | |
| vôcal
| |
| | |
| ''interfere'' méddle = ''coin'' médal
| |
| | |
| ''sell'' péddle = ''bicycle'' pédal
| |
| | |
| cf. cándle, hándle - scándal
| |
| | |
| sándal
| |
| | |
| concêal
| |
| | |
| repêal
| |
| | |
| squêal
| |
| | |
| vêal
| |
| | |
| revêal
| |
| | |
| lêgal
| |
| | |
| illêgal
| |
| | |
| rêgal
| |
| | |
| Bengål
| |
| | |
| .*commërshal commërcial
| |
| | |
| denîal
| |
| | |
| mênial
| |
| | |
| .*pàrshal pàrtial
| |
| | |
| ânal
| |
| | |
| AmE bânal - BrE banàl
| |
| | |
| canál
| |
| | |
| phenómenal
| |
| | |
| diágonal
| |
| | |
| hexágonal
| |
| | |
| -shənəl -tional
| |
| | |
| nátional
| |
| | |
| rátional
| |
| | |
| nôtional
| |
| | |
| hôle rhymes with gôal
| |
| | |
| shôal
| |
| | |
| cf. ''main, headteacher'' prínciple - ''basic, credo'' príncipal
| |
| | |
| quadriláteral
| |
| | |
| âmóral
| |
| | |
| immóral
| |
| | |
| -zəl apprâisal
| |
| | |
| cf. véssel - hássle rhymes with vással
| |
| | |
| ántênâtal
| |
| | |
| pôstnâtal
| |
| | |
| ''quality'' méttle = ''iron'' métal
| |
| | |
| .*péttle pétal
| |
| | |
| AmE inståll - BrE instål
| |
| | |
| -zhəl cásual
| |
| | |
| -kchəl áctual
| |
| | |
| evéntual
| |
| | |
| stomach nâvel = ship nâval
| |
| | |
| cf. êvil - *medêvəl or medìêval
| |
| | |
| *Mŷcle Mîchael
| |
| | |
| Ráphâél
| |
| | |
| a common mistake is to write *Isreal - Ísrâel
| |
| | |
| cf. âble, tâble, stâble - Âbel
| |
| | |
| cf. bábble - Bâbel
| |
| | |
| lâbel
| |
| | |
| Mâbel
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' rébel
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' rebél
| |
| | |
| excél
| |
| | |
| módel
| |
| | |
| yôdel
| |
| | |
| êel
| |
| | |
| fêel
| |
| | |
| pêel
| |
| | |
| fálafel
| |
| | |
| ''air'' ãerial = ''person'' Ãriel
| |
| | |
| Mûriel
| |
| | |
| cf. lôcal, vôcal - yokel
| |
| | |
| cf. përsonal - personnél
| |
| | |
| repél
| |
| | |
| compél
| |
| | |
| dispél
| |
| | |
| expél
| |
| | |
| appárel
| |
| | |
| cóckerel
| |
| | |
| bárrel
| |
| | |
| mínstrel
| |
| | |
| wâstrel
| |
| | |
| êasel
| |
| | |
| wêasel
| |
| | |
| words in -éstle rhyme with véssel
| |
| | |
| *hô-tél hôtél
| |
| | |
| cf. módel - *mô-tél motél
| |
| | |
| cartél
| |
| | |
| -ûle rhymes with -ûel
| |
| | |
| ''two'' dûal = ''fight'' dûel
| |
| | |
| fûel
| |
| | |
| crûel
| |
| | |
| grûel
| |
| | |
| ''navy'' nâval = ''stomach'' nâvel
| |
| | |
| Ravél
| |
| | |
| unrável
| |
| | |
| trável
| |
| | |
| cf. drízzle - drível
| |
| | |
| swível
| |
| | |
| shòvel
| |
| | |
| nóvel
| |
| | |
| bòwel
| |
| | |
| tròwel
| |
| | |
| vòwel
| |
| | |
| píxel
| |
| | |
| TÉFL
| |
| | |
| fâil
| |
| | |
| avâil
| |
| | |
| prevâil
| |
| | |
| vèil
| |
| | |
| AmE fulfíll, BrE fulfíl
| |
| | |
| níl
| |
| | |
| fŏil
| |
| | |
| êvil
| |
| | |
| dévil
| |
| | |
| Brazíl
| |
| | |
| åll
| |
| | |
| båll
| |
| | |
| cåll
| |
| | |
| fåll
| |
| | |
| tåll
| |
| | |
| wåll
| |
| | |
| béll
| |
| | |
| déll
| |
| | |
| féll
| |
| | |
| héll
| |
| | |
| nútshell
| |
| | |
| péll-méll
| |
| | |
| séll
| |
| | |
| téll
| |
| | |
| quéll
| |
| | |
| wéll
| |
| | |
| fíll
| |
| | |
| píll
| |
| | |
| tíll
| |
| | |
| dóll
| |
| | |
| cf. ''parrot'' póll, ''elect'' pôll
| |
| | |
| ''part'' rôle = ''along'' rôll
| |
| | |
| drôll
| |
| | |
| strôll
| |
| | |
| tôll
| |
| | |
| bùll
| |
| | |
| cúll
| |
| | |
| dúll
| |
| | |
| but the suffix is -fùl - fùll
| |
| | |
| ''city'' Húll = ''boat'' húll
| |
| | |
| lúll
| |
| | |
| ''island'' Múll = ''over'' múll
| |
| | |
| ''and void'' núll
| |
| | |
| anúll
| |
| | |
| pùll
| |
| | |
| hê’ll
| |
| | |
| shê’ll
| |
| | |
| wê’ll
| |
| | |
| Î’ll
| |
| | |
| ít’ll
| |
| | |
| yoû’ll or yoù’ll or yŏu’ll
| |
| | |
| thèy’ll
| |
| | |
| prôtocol
| |
| | |
| álcohol
| |
| | |
| coôl
| |
| | |
| foôl
| |
| | |
| .*skoôl schoôl
| |
| | |
| poôl
| |
| | |
| spoôl
| |
| | |
| toôl
| |
| | |
| woòl
| |
| | |
| AmE enróll - BrE enrôl
| |
| | |
| patrôl
| |
| | |
| pétrol
| |
| | |
| cf. rôll - contrôl
| |
| | |
| párasól
| |
| | |
| -təl pístol
| |
| | |
| whŏrl
| |
| | |
| hôpeful
| |
| | |
| cãreful
| |
| | |
| beaûtiful
| |
| | |
| dûtiful
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' spoônful
| |
| | |
| wònderful
| |
| | |
| àrtful
| |
| | |
| Gåul
| |
| | |
| måul
| |
| | |
| Påul
| |
| | |
| Såul
| |
| | |
| cáterwåul
| |
| | |
| cf. ''word'' fùll ''suffix'' -fùl
| |
| | |
| hôpeful
| |
| | |
| stréssful
| |
| | |
| jŏyful
| |
| | |
| ''bird'' fòwl = ''bad'' fòul
| |
| | |
| ghoûl
| |
| | |
| ''only'' sôle = ''Korea'' Seôul = ''spirit'' sôul
| |
| | |
| åwl
| |
| | |
| båwl
| |
| | |
| cråwl
| |
| | |
| ''all meanings'' bôwl
| |
| | |
| ''bird'' fòwl
| |
| | |
| hòwl
| |
| | |
| y as schwa - Síbyl
| |
| | |
| y as schwa - Béryl
| |
| | |
| ===M===
| |
| glêam
| |
| | |
| rêam
| |
| | |
| drêam
| |
| | |
| ''appear'' sêem = ''thread, coal'' sêam
| |
| | |
| stêam
| |
| | |
| scrêam
| |
| | |
| strêam
| |
| | |
| hám
| |
| | |
| AmE; BrE h silent, a as schwa, -əm -hám
| |
| | |
| h silent, g not sounded separately Búckingham
| |
| | |
| h silent, g not sounded separately Bïrmingham
| |
| | |
| -nəm Twíckenham
| |
| | |
| -nəm Chéltenham
| |
| | |
| -nəm Tóttenham
| |
| | |
| .*Méppəm Méopham
| |
| | |
| -səm Tópsham
| |
| | |
| -təm Stréatham
| |
| | |
| -təm Chátham
| |
| | |
| -təm Éltham
| |
| | |
| -təm Wåltham
| |
| | |
| unvoiced th sound Bôtham
| |
| | |
| unvoiced th sound Gótham
| |
| | |
| *Rûtəm Wrotham
| |
| | |
| Wést Hám
| |
| | |
| môdém
| |
| | |
| dêem
| |
| | |
| ''group'' têam = ''pour'' têem
| |
| | |
| hém
| |
| | |
| ahém
| |
| | |
| Béthlehém
| |
| | |
| stém
| |
| | |
| -ám dîaphragm
| |
| | |
| .*flém phlégm
| |
| | |
| -îm páradigm
| |
| | |
| rhýthm
| |
| | |
| âim
| |
| | |
| mâim
| |
| | |
| dím
| |
| | |
| dénim rhymes with Blénheim
| |
| | |
| whím
| |
| | |
| Kím
| |
| | |
| skím
| |
| | |
| dénim
| |
| | |
| mínim
| |
| | |
| BrE and AmE -àm bàlm
| |
| | |
| BrE and AmE -àm càlm
| |
| | |
| BrE and AmE -àm quàlm
| |
| | |
| tálcum rhymes with *Málcum Málcolm
| |
| | |
| ''dwell'' hôme = ''oak, islet'' hôlm
| |
| | |
| frêedom
| |
| | |
| bŏredom
| |
| | |
| kíngdom
| |
| | |
| slàlom
| |
| | |
| Tóm
| |
| | |
| árm
| |
| | |
| fàrm
| |
| | |
| hàrm
| |
| | |
| cf. wörm, wårn - wårm
| |
| | |
| pák- páchydërm
| |
| | |
| j- gërm
| |
| | |
| spërm
| |
| | |
| tërm
| |
| | |
| fïrm
| |
| | |
| fŏrm
| |
| | |
| nŏrm
| |
| | |
| cf. ''heat'' wårm - ''animal'' wörm
| |
| | |
| ŏrgasm
| |
| | |
| kázəm chásm
| |
| | |
| -zəm spásm
| |
| | |
| -ízəm; never stressed -ísm
| |
| | |
| âthêísm
| |
| | |
| Bùddhism
| |
| | |
| existéntialism
| |
| | |
| shôv- chauvinism
| |
| | |
| térrorism
| |
| | |
| mîcrocosm
| |
| | |
| tálcum
| |
| | |
| memorándum
| |
| | |
| referéndum
| |
| | |
| glúm
| |
| | |
| húm
| |
| | |
| válium
| |
| | |
| thállium
| |
| | |
| gerânium
| |
| | |
| aquãrium
| |
| | |
| delírium
| |
| | |
| drúm
| |
| | |
| húmdrúm
| |
| | |
| conúndrum
| |
| | |
| gymnâsium
| |
| | |
| fŏrum
| |
| | |
| vácûum
| |
| | |
| gỳm
| |
| | |
| ''name'' -ným
| |
| | |
| syû- pseûdonym
| |
| | |
| hómonym
| |
| | |
| sýnonym
| |
| | |
| ántonym
| |
| | |
| Î’m
| |
| | |
| ===N===
| |
| bán
| |
| | |
| ürban
| |
| | |
| türban
| |
| | |
| cán
| |
| | |
| cf. Gŏrdon - Jŏrdan
| |
| | |
| -tion crustâcean
| |
| | |
| lôtion rhymes with ôcean
| |
| | |
| dêan
| |
| | |
| clêan
| |
| | |
| mêan
| |
| | |
| -ìən epicûrêan
| |
| | |
| fán
| |
| | |
| Ìan
| |
| | |
| -íshən -ícian
| |
| | |
| technícian
| |
| | |
| patrícian
| |
| | |
| .*Óstrâlìən in rapid speech rhymes with míllion etc., -lyən -
| |
| Austrâlian
| |
| mán
| |
| | |
| -íshən ''abstract'' -ítion = ''person'' -ícian
| |
| | |
| logícian
| |
| | |
| patrícian
| |
| | |
| politícian
| |
| | |
| mathematícian
| |
| | |
| reptílian
| |
| | |
| civílian
| |
| | |
| Brazílian
| |
| | |
| Gíllian
| |
| | |
| nonagenãrian
| |
| | |
| quinquagenãrian
| |
| | |
| septuagenãrian
| |
| | |
| sexagenãrian
| |
| | |
| octogenãrian
| |
| | |
| lîbrãrian
| |
| | |
| sectãrian
| |
| | |
| vegetãrian
| |
| | |
| libertãrian
| |
| | |
| no words end in *-erian
| |
| | |
| histŏrian
| |
| | |
| from -sia + n, = -sion, mostly -zh- -sian
| |
| | |
| -zh- Âsian
| |
| | |
| -zh- Caucâsian
| |
| | |
| -zh- Frêsian
| |
| | |
| AmE -izh-, BrE -ízì- Parísian
| |
| | |
| -shən = -tion -tian
| |
| | |
| Dalmâtian
| |
| | |
| nâtion rhymes with Crôâtian
| |
| | |
| Alsâtian
| |
| | |
| Títian
| |
| | |
| -bîzh- Azerbaijàn
| |
| | |
| mán
| |
| | |
| .*Îləv-Mán Îsle of Mán
| |
| | |
| mostly -mən -man
| |
| | |
| pâcemán
| |
| | |
| polìceman
| |
| | |
| hénchman
| |
| | |
| Omàn
| |
| | |
| Sûpermán
| |
| | |
| gásmán
| |
| | |
| ómbùdsman
| |
| | |
| bátman
| |
| | |
| Bátmán
| |
| | |
| táxmán
| |
| | |
| Nŷman
| |
| | |
| -ən Kôfi Ànnan
| |
| | |
| môan
| |
| | |
| ''alone'' lône = ''lend'' lôan
| |
| | |
| grôan
| |
| | |
| ''god'' Pán = ''food'' pán
| |
| | |
| tán
| |
| | |
| Tîtan
| |
| | |
| can be stressed in any word depending on speaker -stān
| |
| | |
| usually second syllable stressed Uzbékistan
| |
| | |
| Tajíkistan
| |
| | |
| Afghánistan
| |
| | |
| Manháttan
| |
| | |
| ván
| |
| | |
| ẁan
| |
| | |
| Tŷ- Taiwàn
| |
| | |
| = ón ''French'' en
| |
| | |
| ''letter'' én
| |
| | |
| dén
| |
| | |
| wîden
| |
| | |
| cf. Lòndon, both -dən - Cámden
| |
| | |
| sêen
| |
| | |
| splêen
| |
| | |
| shêen
| |
| | |
| grêen
| |
| | |
| fén
| |
| | |
| hén
| |
| | |
| dh- thén
| |
| | |
| léngthen
| |
| | |
| stréngthen
| |
| | |
| âlien
| |
| | |
| tâken
| |
| | |
| wêaken
| |
| | |
| brôken
| |
| | |
| tôken
| |
| | |
| wôken
| |
| | |
| dàrken
| |
| | |
| heàrken
| |
| | |
| póllen
| |
| | |
| swôllen
| |
| | |
| mén
| |
| | |
| -mən in most words -men
| |
| | |
| Yémen
| |
| | |
| spŏrtsmen
| |
| | |
| spécimen
| |
| | |
| chíldren
| |
| | |
| bréthren
| |
| | |
| wörsen
| |
| | |
| léssen
| |
| | |
| delicatéssen
| |
| | |
| bêaten
| |
| | |
| .*sóffən sóften
| |
| | |
| .*fāssən fāsten
| |
| | |
| .*hâyssən hâsten
| |
| | |
| ''bird'' bíttern ≈ ''bite'' bítten
| |
| | |
| íll-gótten
| |
| | |
| héaven
| |
| | |
| hâven
| |
| | |
| êven
| |
| | |
| eléven
| |
| | |
| séven
| |
| òven
| |
| còven
| |
| or prû- prôven
| |
| wôven
| |
| Ôwen
| |
| óxen
| |
| yén
| |
| Zén
| |
| -n -gn
| |
| campâign
| |
| vèin rhymes with dèign
| |
| ''would'' fâin = ''pretend'' fèign
| |
| | |
| ''wet'' râin = ''monarch'' rèign
| |
| | |
| .*sóvrin sóvereign
| |
| | |
| -lîne malîgn
| |
| | |
| -nîne benîgn
| |
| | |
| signal = sîne maths - sîgn
| |
| | |
| -zîne desîgn
| |
| | |
| -zîne resîgn
| |
| | |
| -sîne énsîgn
| |
| | |
| -pyûne impûgn
| |
| | |
| ''pub'' ínn = ''out'' ín
| |
| | |
| Câin
| |
| | |
| disdâin
| |
| | |
| gâin
| |
| | |
| .*əgén; some regularise to agâin - again
| |
| | |
| slâin
| |
| | |
| explâin
| |
| | |
| mâin
| |
| | |
| cf. germâne ''relevant'' = Germâine ''person'' - remâin
| |
| | |
| brâin
| |
| | |
| Bahrâin
| |
| | |
| trâin
| |
| | |
| retâin
| |
| | |
| Bríton ''person'' = ''country'' Brítain
| |
| | |
| -tín cáptain
| |
| | |
| dín
| |
| | |
| skèin
| |
| | |
| [[Elmer Bernstein|''Elmer'' Bërnstêin]]
| |
| | |
| [[Leonard Bernstein|''Leonard'' Bërnsteîn]]
| |
| | |
| thín
| |
| | |
| detërmine rhymes with vërmin
| |
| | |
| pín
| |
| | |
| sín
| |
| | |
| bâsin
| |
| | |
| tín
| |
| | |
| -m -mn
| |
| | |
| ''condemn'' dám = ''water'' dámn
| |
| | |
| condémn
| |
| | |
| sólemn
| |
| | |
| cólumn
| |
| | |
| åutumn
| |
| | |
| ''man'' hím = ''church'' hýmn
| |
| | |
| ''out'' ín = ''pub'' ínn
| |
| | |
| ón
| |
| | |
| mostly schwa, as are Cámden, Màrsden, Hámpden = Hámpton -on
| |
| | |
| càrbon
| |
| | |
| ''university, clothing'' dón
| |
| | |
| Héndon
| |
| | |
| Lòndon
| |
| | |
| cŏrdon
| |
| | |
| cf. gàrden – Gŏrdon
| |
| | |
| curmúdgeon
| |
| | |
| pígeon
| |
| | |
| -njən dúngeon
| |
| | |
| -jən sürgeon
| |
| | |
| -jən stürgeon
| |
| | |
| -nchən trúncheon
| |
| | |
| bandôneon
| |
| | |
| Lêón
| |
| | |
| .*kəmêlêən; AmE -mê-; in fast speech -lyən, like míllion, Austrâlian - chamaêlêon
| |
| | |
| Napôleon
| |
| | |
| nêón
| |
| | |
| péntagon
| |
| | |
| bándwagon
| |
| | |
| àrgón
| |
| | |
| pólygón AmE; BrE *pólygən
| |
| | |
| '''îón
| |
| | |
| -yən -'''ion
| |
| | |
| most words spelt thus in Spanish are -'''tion''' in English -'''cion
| |
| | |
| -sh- '''suspícion
| |
| | |
| '''Asunción
| |
| | |
| -sh- '''côërcion
| |
| | |
| rêgion
| |
| | |
| lêgion
| |
| | |
| relígion
| |
| | |
| fáshion
| |
| | |
| cf. percússion, also -sh- - cùshion
| |
| | |
| vermílion
| |
| | |
| bíllion
| |
| | |
| míllion
| |
| | |
| tríllion
| |
| | |
| ònion
| |
| | |
| ûnion
| |
| | |
| Orîon
| |
| | |
| centûrion
| |
| | |
| -zhən after vowels; -shən after consonants, including another s and, in BrE, r -sion
| |
| | |
| lêsion
| |
| | |
| vísion
| |
| | |
| télevision
| |
| | |
| revísion
| |
| | |
| scánsion
| |
| | |
| expánsion
| |
| | |
| -éntion -énshən = -énsion
| |
| | |
| comprehénsion
| |
| | |
| pénsion
| |
| | |
| suspénsion
| |
| | |
| ténsion
| |
| | |
| preténsion
| |
| | |
| exténsion
| |
| | |
| avërsion
| |
| | |
| dîvërsion
| |
| | |
| convërsion
| |
| | |
| excürsion
| |
| | |
| dîgréssion
| |
| | |
| séssion
| |
| | |
| míssion
| |
| | |
| í- emíssion
| |
| | |
| ə- omíssion
| |
| | |
| -sh- percússion
| |
| | |
| fûsion
| |
| | |
| delûsion
| |
| | |
| illûsion
| |
| | |
| intrûsion
| |
| | |
| mostly -shən –tion
| |
| | |
| inundâtion
| |
| | |
| foundâtion
| |
| | |
| creâtion
| |
| | |
| nâtion
| |
| | |
| rátion
| |
| | |
| vî- vibrâtion
| |
| | |
| mî- migrâtion
| |
| | |
| -kshən -ction
| |
| | |
| áction
| |
| | |
| afféction
| |
| | |
| conféction
| |
| | |
| BrE can be -éxion - refléction
| |
| | |
| colléction
| |
| | |
| BrE can be -éxion - connéction
| |
| | |
| eréction
| |
| | |
| diréction
| |
| | |
| contradíction
| |
| | |
| .*sángktchən sánction
| |
| | |
| .*úngktchən únction
| |
| | |
| .*fúngktchən fúnction
| |
| | |
| .*júngktchən júnction
| |
| | |
| .*cəmpúngkshən compúnction
| |
| | |
| complêtion
| |
| | |
| discrétion
| |
| | |
| definítion
| |
| | |
| preposítion
| |
| | |
| proposítion
| |
| | |
| opposítion
| |
| | |
| competítion
| |
| | |
| frûítion
| |
| | |
| = -énsion, -énshən -éntion
| |
| | |
| méntion
| |
| | |
| deténtion
| |
| | |
| inténtion
| |
| | |
| atténtion
| |
| | |
| prevéntion
| |
| | |
| absŏrption
| |
| | |
| erúption
| |
| | |
| abŏrtion
| |
| | |
| contŏrtion
| |
| | |
| contribûtion
| |
| | |
| distribûtion
| |
| | |
| pollûtion
| |
| | |
| '''solûtion'''
| |
| | |
| '''éxion''' is, except for '''compléxion''', BrE only: other words end in -'''éction''' - '''éxion'''
| |
| | |
| so AmE, BrE ''refléction'' = BrE only '''refléxion'''
| |
| | |
| cf. '''conféction''' - *compléction '''compléxion'''
| |
| | |
| cf. '''convíction''' - '''crucifíxion'''
| |
| | |
| '''nŷlón'''
| |
| | |
| dêmon
| |
| | |
| lémon
| |
| | |
| Sólomon
| |
| | |
| Lébanon
| |
| | |
| cánnon
| |
| | |
| Shánnon
| |
| | |
| moôn
| |
| | |
| buffoôn
| |
| | |
| balloôn
| |
| | |
| lampoôn
| |
| | |
| harpoôn
| |
| | |
| cf. càrton - càrtoôn
| |
| | |
| upón
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Bárron = ''lord'' báron
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Sháron
| |
| | |
| ''person'' AmE Sharôn, BtE Sharón
| |
| | |
| sáffron
| |
| | |
| eléctrón
| |
| | |
| neûtrón
| |
| | |
| sh- chévrón
| |
| | |
| ''boy'' sòn
| |
| | |
| bîson
| |
| | |
| Áshton
| |
| | |
| Élton
| |
| | |
| Lýttelton
| |
| | |
| prôtón
| |
| | |
| càrton
| |
| | |
| Nŏrton
| |
| | |
| ''east'' êastern BrE = ''person'' Êaston
| |
| | |
| ''west'' wéstern BrE = ''person'' Wéston
| |
| | |
| cf. Féatherstone, etc. Ålston
| |
| | |
| Màrston
| |
| | |
| Rŏyston
| |
| | |
| bútton
| |
| | |
| mútton
| |
| | |
| Sútton
| |
| | |
| wòn
| |
| | |
| cf. Jáckson, Híckson, etc. Díxon
| |
| | |
| Níxon
| |
| | |
| Ríxon
| |
| | |
| bàrn
| |
| | |
| dàrn
| |
| | |
| ëarn
| |
| | |
| lëarn
| |
| | |
| cf. wårm, wörm: ''wear'' wŏrn = ''person'' Wårne = ''warning'' wårn
| |
| | |
| yàrn
| |
| | |
| ''bird'' = türn ''direction'' tërn
| |
| | |
| stërn
| |
| | |
| astërn
| |
| | |
| ''persons'' Pátten = Pátton = BrE ''arrange'' páttern
| |
| | |
| bŏrn
| |
| | |
| cŏrn
| |
| | |
| cf. ''wriggly'' wörm - ''warning'' wårn = ''wear'' wŏrn
| |
| ürn
| |
| | |
| bürn
| |
| | |
| chürn
| |
| | |
| ''round'' türn
| |
| | |
| fún
| |
| | |
| gún
| |
| | |
| nòun
| |
| | |
| ''shine'' sún
| |
| | |
| Whítsun
| |
| | |
| dåwn
| |
| | |
| påwn
| |
| | |
| spåwn
| |
| | |
| pråwn
| |
| | |
| heŵn
| |
| | |
| gòwn
| |
| | |
| blôwn
| |
| | |
| môwn
| |
| | |
| renòwn
| |
| | |
| .*nôan knôwn
| |
| | |
| cròwn
| |
| | |
| tòwn
| |
| | |
| ===O===
| |
| mostly ô; never -ó -o
| |
| | |
| placêbô
| |
| | |
| usually *ənkô - & cô, and cô
| |
| | |
| stúccô
| |
| | |
| flaméncô
| |
| | |
| -û do
| |
| | |
| vídêo
| |
| | |
| Montevidèo
| |
| | |
| Lêo
| |
| | |
| Clìo = Clêo
| |
| | |
| Galilèo
| |
| | |
| gô
| |
| | |
| lumbâgo
| |
| | |
| dóggô
| |
| | |
| vërtigo
| |
| | |
| Djángo
| |
| | |
| lôgô
| |
| | |
| Tôgo
| |
| | |
| mácho
| |
| | |
| .*sŷko psŷcho
| |
| | |
| .*Tŷko Tŷcho
| |
| | |
| -shô braggadôcio
| |
| | |
| portfôlio
| |
| | |
| pôlio
| |
| | |
| -ss- impresàrio
| |
| | |
| -shô râtio
| |
| | |
| -shô Horâtio
| |
| | |
| nô
| |
| | |
| taboô
| |
| | |
| gôo
| |
| | |
| Wåterloô
| |
| | |
| Shampoô
| |
| | |
| kangaroô
| |
| | |
| woô
| |
| | |
| .*Búrə - it means Míddlesbrough, which doesn’t have the ò - ends in schwa - Bòro
| |
| | |
| prô
| |
| | |
| cf. bûreau - pólitburo
| |
| | |
| sô
| |
| | |
| Plâto
| |
| | |
| AmE tomâto - tomàto
| |
| | |
| potâto
| |
| | |
| f- phôto
| |
| | |
| Plûto
| |
| | |
| ''at'' to = ''also, many'' toô = ''2'' tŵo
| |
| | |
| émbrỳo
| |
| | |
| ===P===
| |
| cáp
| |
| | |
| gáp
| |
| | |
| snáp
| |
| | |
| táp
| |
| | |
| stép
| |
| | |
| híp
| |
| | |
| friéndship
| |
| | |
| kíngship
| |
| | |
| crāftsmanship
| |
| | |
| shôwmanship
| |
| | |
| wörship
| |
| | |
| kíp
| |
| | |
| skíp
| |
| | |
| líp
| |
| | |
| clíp
| |
| | |
| flíp
| |
| | |
| slíp
| |
| | |
| whíp
| |
| | |
| gríp
| |
| | |
| tríp
| |
| | |
| stríp
| |
| | |
| whélp
| |
| | |
| kélp
| |
| | |
| cámp
| |
| | |
| dámp
| |
| | |
| lámp
| |
| | |
| rámp
| |
| | |
| crámp
| |
| | |
| trámp
| |
| | |
| hémp
| |
| | |
| ímp
| |
| | |
| skímp
| |
| | |
| límp
| |
| | |
| pímp
| |
| | |
| wímp
| |
| | |
| búmp
| |
| | |
| dúmp
| |
| | |
| thúmp
| |
| | |
| júmp
| |
| | |
| lúmp
| |
| | |
| slúmp
| |
| | |
| frúmp
| |
| | |
| trúmp
| |
| | |
| devélop
| |
| | |
| cf. ''noun'' énvelôpe - ''verb'' envélop
| |
| | |
| flóp
| |
| | |
| póp
| |
| | |
| sóp
| |
| | |
| désktóp
| |
| | |
| láptóp
| |
| | |
| hoôp
| |
| | |
| droôp
| |
| | |
| troôp
| |
| | |
| loôp
| |
| | |
| sloôp
| |
| | |
| stoôp
| |
| | |
| càrp
| |
| | |
| hàrp
| |
| | |
| wårp
| |
| | |
| bürp
| |
| | |
| slürp
| |
| | |
| cúsp
| |
| | |
| úp
| |
| | |
| cùp
| |
| | |
| ''bird'' coô = ''overthrow'' coûp
| |
| | |
| .*rêcoôp recoûp
| |
| | |
| .*groôp groûp
| |
| | |
| gåwp
| |
| | |
| ===Q, R===
| |
| Iràq
| |
| | |
| where unstressed, schwa -ar
| |
| | |
| bazàar
| |
| | |
| bàr
| |
| | |
| càr
| |
| | |
| râdàr
| |
| | |
| cálendar
| |
| | |
| êar
| |
| | |
| cf. ''drink'' bêer - ''animal, tolerate'' béãr
| |
| | |
| cf. ''risk'' dãre - ''animal'' dêer = ''beloved, expensive'' dêar
| |
| | |
| fêar
| |
| | |
| gêar
| |
| | |
| ''there'' hêre = ''ear'' hêar
| |
| | |
| ''look'' lêer = ''person'' Lêar
| |
| | |
| clêar
| |
| | |
| unclêar
| |
| | |
| .*nûclêə(r) nûclear
| |
| | |
| smêar
| |
| | |
| yêar or yëar
| |
| | |
| cf. búgger - béggar
| |
| | |
| though contemporaries pronounced it ending in schwa - Élgàr
| |
| | |
| sh- sùgar
| |
| | |
| buŷer, flŷer and trîer rhyme with lîar
| |
| | |
| brîar
| |
| | |
| jàr
| |
| | |
| píllar
| |
| | |
| cáterpillar
| |
| | |
| hóller rhymes with dóllar
| |
| | |
| sk- schólar
| |
| | |
| cóllar
| |
| | |
| môlar
| |
| | |
| múscular
| |
| | |
| régular
| |
| | |
| grámmar
| |
| | |
| -z- quâsàr
| |
| | |
| púlsàr
| |
| | |
| Qátàr
| |
| | |
| néctar
| |
| | |
| sítàr
| |
| | |
| ''change'' ålter = ''church'' åltar
| |
| | |
| mŏrtar
| |
| | |
| stàr
| |
| | |
| BrE schwa = AmE uh - er
| |
| | |
| mostly schwa; stressed -ër in some words; AmE only in some words which are -re in BrE -er
| |
| | |
| câber
| |
| | |
| .*clîmer clîmber
| |
| | |
| tímber
| |
| | |
| encúmber
| |
| | |
| cûcumber
| |
| | |
| lúmber
| |
| | |
| .*plúmmer plúmber
| |
| | |
| cáncer
| |
| | |
| dāncer
| |
| | |
| cîder
| |
| | |
| glîder
| |
| | |
| spîder
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Rŷder = ''ride'' rîder
| |
| | |
| insîder
| |
| | |
| ''bold'' bôlder = ''rock'' bôulder
| |
| | |
| shôulder
| |
| | |
| propagánda rhymes with BrE gánder
| |
| | |
| Lêánder
| |
| | |
| mêánder
| |
| | |
| cf. sqùalor - sqùander
| |
| | |
| ẁander
| |
| | |
| wònder
| |
| | |
| yónder
| |
| | |
| enginêer
| |
| | |
| pîonêer
| |
| | |
| iléc- electionêer
| |
| | |
| cf. ''wither'' sêar, one diphthong syllable - *sêeər, two syllables ''see'' sêer
| |
| | |
| voluntêer
| |
| | |
| defër
| |
| | |
| confër
| |
| | |
| refër
| |
| | |
| prefër
| |
| | |
| óffer
| |
| | |
| próffer
| |
| | |
| cónifer
| |
| | |
| pílfer
| |
| | |
| hard g - làger
| |
| | |
| -j- mánager
| |
| | |
| cf. béggar - dágger
| |
| | |
| bígger
| |
| | |
| lógger
| |
| | |
| blógger
| |
| | |
| .*Nizhãir Nigér
| |
| | |
| hard g - tîger
| |
| | |
| hard g pronounced separately: áng-ger ánger
| |
| | |
| .*dânjer dânger
| |
| coat g not pronounced separately from -ng-; = hángar aeroplane hánger
| |
| | |
| .*mânjer mânger
| |
| | |
| .*strânjer strânger
| |
| | |
| .*jínjer gínger
| |
| | |
| hard g sounded separately: líng-ger línger
| |
| | |
| no g sound sínger
| |
| | |
| no g sound wínger
| |
| | |
| hard g sounded separately *mòng-ger -mònger
| |
| | |
| físhmònger
| |
| | |
| warmonger
| |
| | |
| hard g sounded separately: *stróng-ger - strónger
| |
| | |
| àrcher
| |
| | |
| màrcher
| |
| | |
| cátcher
| |
| | |
| decîpher
| |
| | |
| gôpher
| |
| | |
| or cîpher - cŷpher
| |
| | |
| voiced th and schwa -ther
| |
| | |
| bâther
| |
| | |
| féather
| |
| | |
| héather
| |
| | |
| léather
| |
| | |
| ''climate'' wéather
| |
| | |
| ''BrE far'' fàrther = ''AmE as well as BrE dad'' fàther
| |
| | |
| cf. AmE fàther - AmE láther - lāther
| |
| | |
| bláther
| |
| | |
| cf. AmE fàther - AmE ráther - rāther
| |
| | |
| togéther
| |
| | |
| ''if'' whéther
| |
| | |
| téther
| |
| | |
| ''where'' whíther = ''decay'' wíther
| |
| | |
| òther
| |
| | |
| bóther
| |
| | |
| smòther
| |
| | |
| mòther
| |
| | |
| one word anòther
| |
| | |
| bròther
| |
| | |
| fàrther
| |
| | |
| fürther
| |
| | |
| idéntifîer
| |
| | |
| supplîer
| |
| | |
| ëarlier
| |
| | |
| cry, town = Crŷer person crîer
| |
| | |
| pìêr
| |
| | |
| silent French r - dóssièr
| |
| | |
| ''cry'' têar = ''level'' tìêr
| |
| | |
| jôker
| |
| | |
| hoòker
| |
| | |
| snoôker
| |
| | |
| pôker
| |
| | |
| bàrker
| |
| | |
| wörker
| |
| | |
| hándler
| |
| | |
| tóddler
| |
| | |
| jâiler
| |
| | |
| tåller
| |
| | |
| dóllar rhymes with hóller
| |
| | |
| rôller
| |
| | |
| stámmer
| |
| | |
| ''baseball'' hômer = ''person'' Hômer
| |
| | |
| wårmer
| |
| | |
| fŏrmer
| |
| | |
| góner
| |
| | |
| lôner
| |
| | |
| kêeper
| |
| | |
| léper
| |
| | |
| .*loôzer loser
| |
| | |
| câter
| |
| | |
| lâter
| |
| | |
| wåter
| |
| | |
| cf. áctor - k- cháracter
| |
| | |
| detër
| |
| | |
| cf. BrE mêtre AmE mêter distance, rhythm - parámeter
| |
| | |
| perímeter
| |
| | |
| thermómeter
| |
| | |
| Pêter
| |
| | |
| trúmpeter
| |
| | |
| .*dåwter dåughter
| |
| | |
| āfter rhymes with lāughter
| |
| | |
| .*slåwter slåughter
| |
| | |
| wâiter
| |
| | |
| ''church'' åltar = ''change'' ålter
| |
| | |
| fålter
| |
| | |
| Wålter
| |
| | |
| shélter
| |
| | |
| helter-skélter
| |
| | |
| wélter
| |
| | |
| promôter
| |
| | |
| hélicopter
| |
| | |
| stàrter
| |
| | |
| disāster
| |
| | |
| Chéster
| |
| | |
| Mánchester
| |
| | |
| Dŏrchester
| |
| | |
| or -or protéster
| |
| | |
| gángster
| |
| | |
| yoúngster
| |
| | |
| blíster
| |
| | |
| síster
| |
| | |
| bátter
| |
| | |
| fátter
| |
| | |
| hátter
| |
| | |
| mátter
| |
| | |
| bétter
| |
| | |
| bítter
| |
| | |
| lítter
| |
| | |
| hótter
| |
| | |
| tótter
| |
| | |
| bútter
| |
| | |
| stútter
| |
| | |
| commûter
| |
| | |
| compûter
| |
| | |
| .*lácker lácquer
| |
| | |
| avër
| |
| | |
| hâver
| |
| | |
| brâver
| |
| | |
| quâver
| |
| | |
| fêver
| |
| | |
| whichéver
| |
| | |
| AmE léver - BrE lêver
| |
| | |
| whenéver
| |
| | |
| .*hû-éver whoéver
| |
| | |
| wheréver
| |
| | |
| .*wót-éver whatéver
| |
| | |
| hòwéver
| |
| | |
| fîver
| |
| | |
| líver
| |
| | |
| ríver
| |
| | |
| ''arrow, shake'' quíver
| |
| | |
| ôver
| |
| | |
| còver
| |
| | |
| Dôver
| |
| | |
| hóver
| |
| | |
| lòver
| |
| | |
| plòver
| |
| | |
| ''art'' dråw ≈ ''chest'' dråwer
| |
| | |
| bòwer
| |
| | |
| flòwer
| |
| | |
| glòwer
| |
| | |
| tòwer
| |
| | |
| cf. lãir - *lãyə lâyer
| |
| | |
| .*plâyə(r) plâyer
| |
| | |
| .*prãir prãyer
| |
| | |
| .*fŏyây fŏyèr
| |
| | |
| låwyer rhymes with emplŏyer
| |
| | |
| buŷer
| |
| | |
| .*lŏyer låwyer
| |
| | |
| thére *thãir rhymes with ãir
| |
| | |
| hãir
| |
| | |
| despãir
| |
| | |
| fïr
| |
| | |
| -vwàr réservoir
| |
| | |
| tâpìr
| |
| | |
| stïr
| |
| | |
| bestïr
| |
| | |
| mostly schwa, as also -er, -our -or
| |
| | |
| ráncor
| |
| | |
| córridŏr
| |
| | |
| cóndŏr
| |
| | |
| fŏr
| |
| | |
| abhŏr
| |
| | |
| ultêrior
| |
| | |
| antêrior
| |
| | |
| postêrior
| |
| | |
| ánchor
| |
| | |
| cf. sqùander - sqùalor
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Tâylor = ''clothes'' tâilor
| |
| pállor
| |
| | |
| chāncellor
| |
| | |
| trémor
| |
| | |
| gòvernor
| |
| | |
| dŏor
| |
| | |
| pŏor
| |
| | |
| térror
| |
| | |
| hórror
| |
| | |
| spónsor
| |
| | |
| ''téar'' tŏre = ''crag'' tŏr
| |
| | |
| álligâtor
| |
| | |
| flagellâtor
| |
| | |
| órator
| |
| | |
| colláborator
| |
| | |
| narrâtor
| |
| | |
| spectâtor
| |
| | |
| áctor
| |
| | |
| léctor
| |
| | |
| Selécter ''band'' = seléctor
| |
| | |
| colléctor
| |
| | |
| protéctor
| |
| | |
| véctor
| |
| | |
| dóctor
| |
| | |
| proprîetor
| |
| | |
| trâitor
| |
| | |
| méntŏr
| |
| | |
| protéster is much more common than protéstor
| |
| | |
| invéstor
| |
| | |
| resístor
| |
| | |
| transístor
| |
| | |
| impóstor
| |
| | |
| whïrr
| |
| | |
| Cŏrr
| |
| | |
| fürr
| |
| | |
| pürr
| |
| | |
| occür
| |
| | |
| incür
| |
| | |
| concür
| |
| | |
| .*gránjə grándeur
| |
| | |
| frottëur
| |
| | |
| longuëur
| |
| | |
| voyëur
| |
| | |
| für
| |
| | |
| AmE Darfùr BrE Darfůr
| |
| | |
| AmE súlfur BrE súlphur
| |
| | |
| demür
| |
| | |
| fêmur
| |
| | |
| lêmur
| |
| | |
| mürmur
| |
| | |
| when unstressed, schwa; -or in AmE -our
| |
| | |
| ''we'' òur = ''time'' hòur
| |
| | |
| doûr
| |
| | |
| AmE -or - hàrbour
| |
| | |
| scòur
| |
| | |
| ''preposition'' fŏr = ''4'' fŏur
| |
| | |
| cf. ''petal'' flòwer - ''dough'' flòur
| |
| | |
| BrE *cúlə; AmE -or - còlour
| |
| | |
| BrE *glámə; AmE -or - glámour
| |
| | |
| BrE *hûmə; AmE -or - hûmour
| |
| | |
| BrE *ónə; AmE -or - hónour
| |
| | |
| sòur
| |
| | |
| ''téar'' tŏre = ''hill'' tŏr = ''travel'' for some speakers toûr
| |
| | |
| nón séquitur
| |
| | |
| -ə -yr
| |
| | |
| zéphyr
| |
| | |
| màrtyr
| |
| | |
| ===S===
| |
| .*áz ás
| |
| | |
| .*wéəráz whereás
| |
| | |
| .*ház hás
| |
| | |
| .*Cánzus Kánsas
| |
| | |
| -såw Årkansås
| |
| | |
| .*wóz ẁas
| |
| | |
| AmE *ërbs hërbs
| |
| | |
| thêátrics
| |
| | |
| -x athlétics
| |
| | |
| -x gymnástics
| |
| | |
| -x logístics
| |
| | |
| Nétherlands
| |
| | |
| -dz forwards
| |
| | |
| words from Greek, etc: -êz -ês
| |
| | |
| Ándês
| |
| | |
| antípodês
| |
| | |
| côdes
| |
| | |
| édges
| |
| | |
| lódges
| |
| | |
| Hódges
| |
| | |
| ''hew'' heŵs = ''person'' Hûghes
| |
| | |
| lúllabîes
| |
| | |
| râbíes
| |
| | |
| .*síəríz sêríes
| |
| | |
| BrE *wúrríz, AmE *würríz or *würrìz wòrríes
| |
| | |
| Lós = lóss ''lose''; -íz Lós Ángeles
| |
| | |
| ''distance'' mîles = ''person'' Mîles
| |
| | |
| cf. shékels - sháckles
| |
| | |
| -z Hërculês
| |
| | |
| -nz Bàrnes
| |
| | |
| Jóhn Mâynard Kèynes
| |
| | |
| Mílton Kêynes
| |
| | |
| .*dúzz dòes
| |
| | |
| .*gôze gôes
| |
| | |
| hêroes
| |
| | |
| .*tôze tôes
| |
| | |
| -tôze potâtoes
| |
| | |
| plural of -sís in Greek-derived words (see [[English irregular nouns]]) -sês
| |
| | |
| parénthesês
| |
| | |
| cf. prîces *prîsíz - *crŷsêez crîsês
| |
| | |
| .*loôziz loses
| |
| | |
| glāsses
| |
| | |
| -zíz hòuses
| |
| | |
| -ssíz spòuses
| |
| | |
| Sócratês
| |
| | |
| hêaves
| |
| | |
| ''leave, leaf'' lêaves
| |
| | |
| ''have-nots'' háves
| |
| | |
| shâves
| |
| | |
| wâves
| |
| | |
| ''thief'' thìêves
| |
| | |
| Îves
| |
| | |
| gíves
| |
| | |
| -k- àrchîves
| |
| | |
| ''plural noun'' lîves
| |
| | |
| ''singular verb'' líves
| |
| | |
| ''knife'' knîves
| |
| | |
| arrîves
| |
| | |
| môtíves
| |
| | |
| ''wife'' wîves
| |
| | |
| ''calf'' càlves
| |
| | |
| ''valve'' válves
| |
| | |
| ''elf'' élves
| |
| | |
| ''delve'' délves
| |
| | |
| ''shelf'' shélves
| |
| | |
| ''self'' sélves
| |
| | |
| one word, as with following: *òursélvz oursélves
| |
| | |
| *yŏrsélvz yoursélves
| |
| | |
| *dhəmsélvz themsélves
| |
| | |
| *wùlvz '''wolves'''
| |
| | |
| cf. dòves - drôves
| |
| | |
| ''hoof'' hoôves
| |
| | |
| ''scarf'' scàrves
| |
| | |
| *yéss yés
| |
| | |
| hoôves rhymes with roôfs
| |
| | |
| -gz dógs
| |
| | |
| parîahs
| |
| | |
| ''big'' sîze = ''sigh'' sîghs
| |
| | |
| -āffs lāughs
| |
| | |
| -óffs cóughs
| |
| | |
| .*íz ís
| |
| | |
| .*híz hís
| |
| | |
| plurals, no apostrophes, -íz Bangladéshis
| |
| | |
| -íz Bengålis
| |
| | |
| -íz Nepålis
| |
| | |
| -íz Isrâelis
| |
| | |
| -əss pênis
| |
| | |
| -íz Sùnnis
| |
| | |
| -nŏy Íllinois
| |
| | |
| -íss Páris
| |
| | |
| Hórace and Mórris = BrE Maurice rhyme with Bóris and Dóris
| |
| | |
| Hárris
| |
| | |
| térrace rhymes with Férris
| |
| | |
| rhyming with Hórace, BrE Maurice = Mórris
| |
| | |
| Nórris
| |
| | |
| thêsis
| |
| | |
| Greek-derived words in -sís, *síss, have -sês, *sêez, for their plurals (see Irregular Plurals) sýnthesis
| |
| | |
| némesis
| |
| | |
| -íss Dâvis
| |
| | |
| -íss Mâvis
| |
| | |
| -íss Trávis
| |
| | |
| Élvis
| |
| | |
| pélvis
| |
| | |
| -íss áxis
| |
| | |
| léxis
| |
| | |
| *nóx knócks
| |
| | |
| loòks
| |
| | |
| spoôks
| |
| | |
| -z sélls
| |
| | |
| -z húms
| |
| | |
| words from Greek: -óss -ós
| |
| | |
| *kâyós châos
| |
| | |
| ''insect'' lòuse = ''nation'' Làos
| |
| -dôz tornâdos
| |
| | |
| -pss hélps
| |
| | |
| schnápps
| |
| | |
| ''heart'' cŏre = ''army'' cŏrps
| |
| | |
| -z stàrs
| |
| | |
| lîars, trîers and buŷers rhyme with plîers
| |
| | |
| bôres, BrE påuse, and påws rhyme with dŏors
| |
| | |
| mostly -íss -ess
| |
| | |
| .*áxéss áccess
| |
| | |
| góddéss
| |
| | |
| cãreless
| |
| | |
| ûseless
| |
| | |
| hápless
| |
| | |
| hélpless
| |
| | |
| t can be silent lístless
| |
| | |
| t can be silent réstless
| |
| | |
| méss
| |
| | |
| goòdness
| |
| | |
| lîonéss
| |
| | |
| cléanliness
| |
| | |
| clúmsiness
| |
| | |
| nāstiness
| |
| | |
| no words end: *-yness
| |
| | |
| dréss
| |
| | |
| áctress
| |
| | |
| stréss
| |
| | |
| headmístress
| |
| | |
| cf. áccess *áxéss - asséss
| |
| | |
| silent u - guéss
| |
| | |
| kíss
| |
| | |
| prémíse rhymes with míss
| |
| | |
| lóss
| |
| | |
| grôss
| |
| | |
| cúss
| |
| | |
| -tss cáts
| |
| | |
| Kêats
| |
| | |
| Yâtes = Yeâts
| |
| | |
| -tss séts
| |
| | |
| ''it is'' ít’s = ''of it'' íts
| |
| | |
| -tss síts
| |
| | |
| -tss bútts
| |
| | |
| -tss cúts
| |
| | |
| mostly -əss -us
| |
| | |
| -ss bús
| |
| | |
| ábacus
| |
| | |
| fôcus
| |
| | |
| -oôz Híndûs
| |
| | |
| -kəss Bácchus
| |
| | |
| Sibèlius
| |
| | |
| Dêlius
| |
| | |
| Jûlius
| |
| | |
| j-; cf. adjective ingênious - noun gênius
| |
| | |
| ignorâmus
| |
| | |
| j- gênus
| |
| | |
| ménûs
| |
| | |
| for adjectives = -us mostly for nouns: -əss –ous
| |
| | |
| cåucus rhymes with råucous
| |
| | |
| -dəss - only found in the following five words -dous
| |
| | |
| treméndous
| |
| | |
| stûpendous
| |
| | |
| horréndous
| |
| | |
| jép- jéopardous
| |
| | |
| házardous
| |
| | |
| -jəss outrâgeous
| |
| | |
| -jəss gŏrgeous
| |
| | |
| simultâneous
| |
| | |
| -êsh- spêcious
| |
| | |
| -ésh- précious
| |
| | |
| -ísh- vícious
| |
| | |
| uncónscious
| |
| | |
| relígious rhymes with sacrilegious
| |
| | |
| cf. noun gênius - adjective ingênious
| |
| | |
| pîous
| |
| | |
| censŏrious
| |
| | |
| kyù- cùrious
| |
| | |
| -ísh- fictítious
| |
| | |
| óbvious
| |
| | |
| prêvious
| |
| | |
| .*ánkshus ánxious
| |
| | |
| jéalous
| |
| | |
| zéalous
| |
| | |
| màrvellous
| |
| | |
| ridículous
| |
| | |
| fâmous
| |
| | |
| ínfamous
| |
| | |
| ánimus cf. ûnánimous
| |
| | |
| cf. vërtigo, hard g - g as j in vertíginous
| |
| | |
| glûtinous
| |
| | |
| glúttonous
| |
| | |
| scábrous
| |
| | |
| wòndrous
| |
| | |
| slānderous
| |
| | |
| mürderous
| |
| | |
| nûmerous
| |
| | |
| from -our - -orous
| |
| | |
| vígorous
| |
| | |
| glámorous
| |
| | |
| hûmorous
| |
| | |
| díz- disàstrous
| |
| | |
| mónstrous
| |
| | |
| vácuous
| |
| | |
| fátuous
| |
| | |
| nërvous
| |
| | |
| .*Bélla-Roôse Belarûs
| |
| | |
| cf. prósperous - phósphorus
| |
| | |
| rhêsus
| |
| | |
| cénsus
| |
| | |
| consénsus
| |
| | |
| sánctus
| |
| | |
| ríctus
| |
| | |
| -z jåws
| |
| | |
| irregular: *séz says
| |
| | |
| regular: *stâze stâys
| |
| | |
| -âze sîdeways
| |
| | |
| never used to form plurals: either a singular possessive or an abbreviation of ís - ‘s
| |
| | |
| w-, plural ònes = possessive òne’s
| |
| | |
| or *híz hê’s
| |
| | |
| or *shíz shê’s
| |
| | |
| chíldren’s
| |
| | |
| of it íts = it is ít’s
| |
| | |
| ===T===
| |
| át
| |
| | |
| cát
| |
| | |
| bêat
| |
| | |
| hêat
| |
| | |
| chêat
| |
| | |
| plêat
| |
| | |
| nêat
| |
| | |
| fát
| |
| | |
| voiced th - thát
| |
| | |
| slát
| |
| | |
| ''ash'' grâte = ''big'' greât
| |
| | |
| swéat
| |
| | |
| bôat
| |
| | |
| côat
| |
| | |
| flôat
| |
| | |
| glôat
| |
| | |
| môat
| |
| | |
| Crôát
| |
| | |
| thrôat
| |
| | |
| .*dét débt
| |
| | |
| .*dòut dòubt
| |
| | |
| ''touch'' afféct
| |
| | |
| ''emotion'' áffect
| |
| | |
| result í- efféct
| |
| | |
| përfect
| |
| | |
| ''thing'' óbject
| |
| | |
| ''disagree'' objéct
| |
| | |
| ''matter'' súbject
| |
| | |
| ''cruel'' subjéct
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' rejéct
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' rêjéct
| |
| | |
| colléct
| |
| | |
| connéct
| |
| | |
| áspect
| |
| | |
| respéct
| |
| | |
| ''person'' áddict
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' addíct
| |
| | |
| êdict
| |
| | |
| .*indîte indîct
| |
| | |
| vërdict
| |
| | |
| ''person'' cónvict
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' convíct
| |
| | |
| mostly -ít (-ət in Australasian English), but some have French -ây -et
| |
| | |
| BrE Hërbert rhymes with shërbet
| |
| | |
| t sounded ''hit'' búffet
| |
| | |
| .*bùffây ''food'' bùffèt
| |
| | |
| .*crôshây crôchet
| |
| | |
| rátchet
| |
| | |
| crótchet
| |
| | |
| thícket
| |
| | |
| pícket
| |
| | |
| crícket
| |
| | |
| wícket
| |
| | |
| màrket
| |
| | |
| -lây chálèt
| |
| | |
| cf. -létte - *boòklít, though these words are -lət in Australasian English - boòklet
| |
| | |
| píglet
| |
| | |
| .*bállây bállèt
| |
| | |
| mállet
| |
| | |
| ẁallet
| |
| | |
| bíllet
| |
| | |
| tríplet
| |
| | |
| BrE, u as schwa - qùadruplet, quíntuplet, séxtuplet, séptuplet, óctuplet
| |
| | |
| AmE - qùadrûplet, quíntûplet, séxtûplet, séptûplet, óctûplet
| |
| stàrlet
| |
| | |
| Jánet
| |
| | |
| plánet
| |
| | |
| gánnet
| |
| | |
| cŏrnet
| |
| | |
| límpet
| |
| | |
| -rây bérèt
| |
| | |
| quårtét
| |
| | |
| bánquet
| |
| | |
| -kây crôquèt
| |
| | |
| -kây sóbriquèt
| |
| | |
| BrE *pàhkây, AmE *parkây pàrquèt
| |
| | |
| .*boô-kây bouquèt
| |
| | |
| déft
| |
| | |
| héft
| |
| | |
| léft
| |
| | |
| beréft
| |
| | |
| míffed rhymes with ríft
| |
| | |
| dríft
| |
| | |
| shríft
| |
| | |
| lóft
| |
| | |
| .*yót yacht
| |
| | |
| mostly silent gh -ght
| |
| | |
| èight
| |
| | |
| heîght
| |
| | |
| frèight
| |
| | |
| wèight
| |
| | |
| fîght
| |
| | |
| lîght
| |
| | |
| delîght
| |
| | |
| plîght
| |
| | |
| cf. sleîght-of-hánd ''little'' slîght
| |
| | |
| nîght
| |
| | |
| rîght
| |
| | |
| frîght
| |
| | |
| tîght
| |
| | |
| ''correct, left'' rîght = maker -wrîght
| |
| | |
| .*plâywrîte plâywrîght
| |
| | |
| cópyrîght
| |
| | |
| any = ŏught should åught
| |
| | |
| cåught
| |
| | |
| drāft = drāught
| |
| | |
| fråught
| |
| | |
| ''any'' åught = ''should'' ŏught
| |
| | |
| bŏught
| |
| | |
| fŏught
| |
| | |
| nŏught
| |
| | |
| brŏught
| |
| | |
| dròught
| |
| | |
| wrŏught
| |
| | |
| ít
| |
| | |
| -ate rhymes with -âit
| |
| | |
| ''breath'' bâte = ''catch'' bâit
| |
| | |
| gâit
| |
| | |
| wâit
| |
| | |
| awâit
| |
| | |
| bít
| |
| | |
| inhábit
| |
| | |
| prohíbit
| |
| | |
| déficit
| |
| | |
| còunterfeít
| |
| | |
| fŏrfeít
| |
| | |
| sürfeít
| |
| | |
| Fáhrenheît
| |
| | |
| befít
| |
| | |
| fít
| |
| | |
| hít
| |
| | |
| kít
| |
| | |
| lít
| |
| | |
| admít
| |
| | |
| commít
| |
| | |
| ômít
| |
| | |
| vómit
| |
| | |
| sít
| |
| | |
| -kít cïrcuit
| |
| | |
| -skít bíscuit
| |
| | |
| cóndûít
| |
| | |
| quít
| |
| | |
| -roôt recrûit
| |
| | |
| .*froòt frûit
| |
| | |
| cf. soòt - *sût or *syût sûit
| |
| | |
| Jésûít
| |
| | |
| -syoôt pursûit
| |
| | |
| quít
| |
| | |
| wít
| |
| | |
| dímwit
| |
| | |
| outwít
| |
| | |
| côbålt
| |
| | |
| hålt
| |
| | |
| målt
| |
| | |
| bélt
| |
| | |
| K- Célt
| |
| | |
| n- knélt
| |
| | |
| félt
| |
| | |
| jílt
| |
| | |
| kílt
| |
| | |
| sílt
| |
| | |
| tílt
| |
| | |
| .*bílt buílt
| |
| | |
| wílt
| |
| | |
| fåult
| |
| | |
| cúlt
| |
| | |
| only word ending in -mt (cf. prómpt) - dréamt
| |
| | |
| ánt
| |
| | |
| ''AmE cannot'' cán’t = ''philosopher'' Kánt = ''words'' cánt
| |
| | |
| signíficant
| |
| | |
| descéndant
| |
| | |
| deféndant
| |
| | |
| ''adjective'' depéndent = ''person'' depéndant
| |
| | |
| clâimant
| |
| | |
| dŏrmant
| |
| | |
| còvenant
| |
| | |
| cf. próminent - dóminant
| |
| | |
| rámpant
| |
| | |
| árrant
| |
| | |
| érrant
| |
| | |
| ''now'' cúrrent = ''eat'' cúrrant
| |
| | |
| pléasant
| |
| | |
| incéssant
| |
| | |
| blâtant
| |
| | |
| hésitant
| |
| | |
| contéstant
| |
| | |
| resístant
| |
| | |
| rélevant
| |
| | |
| sërvant
| |
| | |
| ẁant
| |
| | |
| ''send'' sént = ''money'' cént
| |
| | |
| .*áxent áccent
| |
| | |
| dêcent
| |
| | |
| rêcent
| |
| | |
| magníficent
| |
| | |
| ascént
| |
| | |
| dént
| |
| | |
| précedent
| |
| | |
| anticêdent
| |
| | |
| áxi- áccident
| |
| | |
| óxi- óccident
| |
| | |
| résident
| |
| | |
| président
| |
| | |
| ''person'' depéndant = ''adjective'' depéndent
| |
| | |
| indepéndent
| |
| | |
| j- ''man'' gént
| |
| | |
| stríngent
| |
| | |
| púngent
| |
| | |
| hard G- ''Belgium'' Ghént
| |
| | |
| obêdient
| |
| | |
| lént
| |
| | |
| éxcellent
| |
| | |
| repéllent
| |
| | |
| fråudulent
| |
| | |
| cf. ''mean'' méant - suffix -ment
| |
| | |
| engâgement
| |
| | |
| mánagement
| |
| | |
| séttlement
| |
| | |
| -tíssm- advërtisement
| |
| | |
| âilment
| |
| | |
| gòvernment
| |
| | |
| pâyment
| |
| | |
| përmanent
| |
| | |
| cf. dóminant - próminent
| |
| | |
| përtinent
| |
| | |
| oppônent
| |
| | |
| pãrent
| |
| | |
| appárent
| |
| | |
| transpárent
| |
| | |
| dífferent
| |
| | |
| inhérent
| |
| | |
| cohêrent
| |
| | |
| réverent
| |
| | |
| irréverent
| |
| | |
| ''eat'' cúrrant = ''now'' cúrrent
| |
| | |
| ''money'' cént = ''send'' sént
| |
| | |
| tént
| |
| | |
| cómpetent
| |
| | |
| inadvërtent
| |
| | |
| consístent
| |
| | |
| persístent
| |
| | |
| nón-exístent
| |
| | |
| vént
| |
| | |
| fërvent
| |
| | |
| línt
| |
| | |
| flínt
| |
| | |
| glínt
| |
| | |
| mínt
| |
| | |
| pînt
| |
| | |
| frònt
| |
| | |
| dåunt
| |
| | |
| gåunt
| |
| | |
| håunt
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' discòunt
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' díscount
| |
| | |
| vîc- vîscount
| |
| | |
| blúnt
| |
| | |
| rúnt
| |
| | |
| stúnt
| |
| | |
| gót
| |
| | |
| .*éscàr-gô escargôt
| |
| | |
| Màrgo = Màrgôt
| |
| | |
| hót
| |
| | |
| lót
| |
| | |
| ''no'' nót = ''tie'' knót
| |
| | |
| boôt
| |
| | |
| hoôt
| |
| | |
| foòt
| |
| | |
| loôt
| |
| | |
| roôt
| |
| | |
| soòt
| |
| | |
| pót
| |
| | |
| rót
| |
| | |
| árrow rhymes with tárôt
| |
| | |
| ''gold'' cárat = ''eat'' cárrot
| |
| | |
| párrot
| |
| | |
| tót
| |
| | |
| ápt
| |
| | |
| léapt
| |
| | |
| accépt
| |
| | |
| excépt
| |
| | |
| képt
| |
| | |
| slépt
| |
| | |
| wépt
| |
| | |
| unkémpt
| |
| | |
| exémpt
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' éxcërpt
| |
| | |
| íx- ''verb'' excërpt
| |
| | |
| àrt
| |
| | |
| pàrt
| |
| | |
| depàrt
| |
| | |
| impàrt
| |
| | |
| wårt
| |
| | |
| dïrt
| |
| | |
| flïrt
| |
| | |
| fŏrt
| |
| | |
| shŏrt
| |
| | |
| repŏrt
| |
| | |
| ''noun'' ímport
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' impŏrt
| |
| | |
| sŏrt
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' consŏrt
| |
| | |
| cf. cóncert - noun cónsŏrt
| |
| | |
| cürt
| |
| | |
| hürt
| |
| | |
| êast
| |
| | |
| bêast
| |
| | |
| fêast
| |
| | |
| lêast
| |
| | |
| bréast
| |
| | |
| yêast
| |
| | |
| fāst
| |
| | |
| lāst
| |
| | |
| māst
| |
| | |
| vāst
| |
| | |
| stréssed rhymes with stressed -est
| |
| | |
| bést
| |
| | |
| íncést
| |
| | |
| .*hŷíst hîghest
| |
| | |
| .*drŷíst drîest
| |
| | |
| priêst
| |
| | |
| jést
| |
| | |
| lést
| |
| | |
| nést
| |
| | |
| vést
| |
| | |
| wést
| |
| | |
| lôwest
| |
| | |
| ángst
| |
| | |
| râcist
| |
| | |
| .*fáshist fáscist
| |
| | |
| líst
| |
| | |
| sôshə- sôcialist
| |
| | |
| týpist
| |
| | |
| gríst
| |
| | |
| K- Chrîst
| |
| | |
| -k- Gílchríst
| |
| | |
| insíst
| |
| | |
| consíst
| |
| | |
| persíst
| |
| | |
| exíst
| |
| | |
| whîlst
| |
| | |
| cóst
| |
| | |
| ''dusty'' dúst = ''archaic do'' dòst
| |
| | |
| hôst
| |
| | |
| ghôst
| |
| | |
| lóst
| |
| | |
| fŏremôst
| |
| | |
| úppermôst
| |
| | |
| òutermôst
| |
| | |
| pôst
| |
| | |
| fïrst
| |
| | |
| thïrst
| |
| | |
| wörst
| |
| | |
| cürsed rhymes with bürst
| |
| | |
| hürst
| |
| | |
| búst
| |
| | |
| lôcust
| |
| | |
| lúst
| |
| | |
| trúst
| |
| | |
| cýst
| |
| | |
| ánalýst
| |
| | |
| cátalýst
| |
| | |
| more common in family names like Péttitt and Sénnett (= sénate house) than in ordinary words: -tt
| |
| | |
| ẁatt
| |
| | |
| ''head'' bútt
| |
| | |
| Àrgonaut
| |
| | |
| cóz- cósmonaut
| |
| | |
| ástronaut
| |
| | |
| júggernaut
| |
| | |
| ''however'' bút
| |
| | |
| cút
| |
| | |
| jút
| |
| | |
| glút
| |
| | |
| slút
| |
| | |
| nút
| |
| | |
| òut
| |
| | |
| gòut
| |
| | |
| clòut
| |
| | |
| pòut
| |
| | |
| tòut
| |
| | |
| .*impùt ínput
| |
| | |
| rút
| |
| | |
| neŵt
| |
| | |
| nòwt
| |
| | |
| séxed rhymes with néxt
| |
| | |
| téxt
| |
| | |
| cān’t
| |
| | |
| shān’t
| |
| | |
| hádn’t
| |
| | |
| nêedn’t
| |
| | |
| dídn’t
| |
| | |
| .*cùdənt coùldn’t
| |
| | |
| .*shùdənt shoùldn’t
| |
| | |
| .*wùdənt woùldn’t
| |
| | |
| àren’t
| |
| | |
| dãren’t
| |
| | |
| wëren’t
| |
| | |
| háven’t
| |
| | |
| âin’t
| |
| | |
| dôn’t
| |
| | |
| ''habit'' wônt = ''will'' wôn’t
| |
| | |
| .*házzənt hásn’t
| |
| | |
| .*wózzənt ẁasn’t
| |
| | |
| .*dúzzənt dòesn’t
| |
| | |
| .*ízzənt ísn’t
| |
| | |
| .*åwtənt ŏughtn’t
| |
| | |
| .*mússənt mústn’t
| |
| | |
| .*mîtənt mìghtn’t
| |
| | |
| ===U, V, W===
| |
| .*táblô tábleau
| |
| | |
| .*byoôrô bûreau
| |
| | |
| .*troôssô troûsseau
| |
| | |
| .*pláttô pláteau
| |
| | |
| silent u in '''Guinea'''; -ssòw '''Guínea Bíssàù'''
| |
| | |
| ''illness'' flû
| |
| | |
| .*êemyoô êmû
| |
| | |
| cáriboû
| |
| | |
| gùrû
| |
| | |
| and many other such Slavonic names, v as f - Chékhov
| |
| | |
| guffåw
| |
| | |
| jåw
| |
| | |
| låw
| |
| | |
| clåw
| |
| | |
| ''animal'' påw
| |
| | |
| dråw
| |
| | |
| ''see, wood'' såw
| |
| | |
| feŵ
| |
| | |
| ''little'' feŵ = ''relief'' pheŵ
| |
| | |
| Jeŵ
| |
| | |
| neŵ
| |
| | |
| ''needle'' = sô ''therefore'' - sew
| |
| | |
| dreŵ
| |
| | |
| ''tree'' = yoû ''me'' = eŵe ''sheep'' - yeŵ
| |
| | |
| ''ribbon'' bôw
| |
| | |
| ''Street'' Bôw
| |
| | |
| ''incline'' bòw
| |
| | |
| còw
| |
| | |
| Móscôw
| |
| | |
| Dòw
| |
| | |
| wíndôw
| |
| | |
| hòw
| |
| | |
| lôw
| |
| | |
| belôw
| |
| | |
| flôw
| |
| | |
| allòw
| |
| | |
| -llôw
| |
| | |
| fállow
| |
| | |
| sẁallow
| |
| | |
| béllow
| |
| | |
| féllow
| |
| | |
| méllow
| |
| | |
| yéllow
| |
| | |
| bíllow
| |
| | |
| píllow
| |
| | |
| fóllow
| |
| | |
| hóllow
| |
| | |
| môw
| |
| | |
| nòw
| |
| | |
| ''negative'' nô = ''knowledge'' knôw
| |
| | |
| ''line'' rôw
| |
| | |
| ''argue'' ròw
| |
| | |
| grôw
| |
| | |
| thrôw
| |
| | |
| pròw
| |
| | |
| árrôw
| |
| | |
| bárrôw
| |
| | |
| fárrôw
| |
| | |
| hárrôw
| |
| | |
| nárrôw
| |
| | |
| spárrôw
| |
| | |
| ''needle'' sew = ''seeds'' sôw
| |
| | |
| ''pig'' sòw
| |
| | |
| ''foot'' tôe = ''pull'' tôw
| |
| | |
| stôw
| |
| | |
| bestôw
| |
| | |
| vòw
| |
| | |
| ===X===
| |
| ''data'' fácts = ''machine'' fáx
| |
| | |
| ''hasn’t'' lácks = ''careless'' láx
| |
| | |
| côax
| |
| | |
| hôax
| |
| | |
| wáx
| |
| | |
| rêflex
| |
| | |
| cïrcumflex
| |
| | |
| véx
| |
| | |
| fíx
| |
| | |
| míx
| |
| | |
| síx
| |
| | |
| jínx
| |
| | |
| mínx
| |
| | |
| quíncunx
| |
| | |
| lýnx
| |
| | |
| phárynx
| |
| | |
| óx
| |
| | |
| bóx
| |
| | |
| cóx
| |
| | |
| páradox
| |
| | |
| ŏrthodox
| |
| | |
| flúmmox
| |
| | |
| ''plural'' -lôz tábleaux
| |
| | |
| ''plural'' -rôz bûreaux
| |
| | |
| flúx
| |
| | |
| crúx
| |
| | |
| ===Y===
| |
| after consonant mostly ỳ -y
| |
| | |
| dây
| |
| | |
| bïrthday
| |
| | |
| hóliday
| |
| | |
| Frîday
| |
| | |
| wêekday
| |
| | |
| wörkday
| |
| | |
| Mònday
| |
| | |
| Súnday
| |
| | |
| todây
| |
| | |
| yésterday
| |
| | |
| Sáturday
| |
| | |
| ''doom'' doômsday = ''book'' Domesday
| |
| | |
| Wédnesday
| |
| | |
| Tûesday
| |
| | |
| Thürsday
| |
| | |
| Mâyday
| |
| | |
| hèyday
| |
| | |
| ''elf'' fèy = ''person'' Fây
| |
| | |
| gây
| |
| | |
| hây
| |
| | |
| clây
| |
| | |
| delây
| |
| | |
| plây
| |
| | |
| displây
| |
| | |
| ''verb'' Mây = ''month'' mây
| |
| | |
| sây
| |
| | |
| .*Línzy Líndsay
| |
| | |
| daresây
| |
| | |
| hêarsay
| |
| | |
| stây
| |
| | |
| cf. place names in -aî - *Páragwŷe Páraguaŷ
| |
| | |
| .*Yûrəgwŷe Ûruguaŷ
| |
| | |
| weight wèigh = how wây
| |
| | |
| awày
| |
| | |
| verb is two words breâkaway
| |
| | |
| verb is two words rúnaway
| |
| | |
| verb is two words gétaway
| |
| | |
| Gålway
| |
| | |
| ''cricket, farewell'' bŷe = ''2'' bî- = ''preposition'' bŷ
| |
| | |
| bâby
| |
| | |
| cábbie and words in -ábby rhyme with Gáby
| |
| | |
| lúllabŷ
| |
| | |
| ''abbot'' ábbey = ''persons'' Àbbey = Ábby
| |
| | |
| shábby
| |
| | |
| flábby
| |
| | |
| tábby
| |
| | |
| lóbby
| |
| | |
| lâybŷ
| |
| | |
| sêe sight = -sỳ = -cỳ
| |
| | |
| Mâcy
| |
| | |
| râcy
| |
| | |
| cf. hypócrisy - thêócracy
| |
| | |
| cf. hypócrisy - demócracy
| |
| | |
| .*byurócracy bureaucracy
| |
| | |
| áccuracy
| |
| | |
| -cỳ noun cf. próphesŷ verb - próphecy
| |
| | |
| nŏrmalcy
| |
| | |
| fáncy
| |
| | |
| chāncy
| |
| | |
| nécrománcy
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Náncy
| |
| | |
| ''France'' Nàncy
| |
| | |
| discrépancy
| |
| | |
| téndency
| |
| | |
| cúrrency
| |
| | |
| constítuency
| |
| | |
| shâdy
| |
| | |
| lâdy
| |
| | |
| trágedy
| |
| | |
| cómedy
| |
| | |
| përfidy
| |
| | |
| súbsidy
| |
| | |
| ''persons'' Àbbey = Ábby = ''abbot'' ábbey
| |
| | |
| obèy
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Fây = ''whimsy'' fèy
| |
| thèy
| |
| | |
| whèy
| |
| | |
| kêy
| |
| | |
| láckêy
| |
| | |
| dónkêy
| |
| | |
| mònkêy
| |
| | |
| lèy
| |
| | |
| állêy
| |
| | |
| válley
| |
| | |
| trólley
| |
| | |
| fólly rhymes with vólley
| |
| | |
| jóckêy
| |
| | |
| dónkêy
| |
|
| |
|
| mònkêy
| | Páramour, enámoured, flîghty, |
| | :Épisôdes, antípodês, |
| | |
| | :Ácquiésce, and óbsequies. |
|
| |
|
| ''nest, cart'' = drây ''cart'' drèy | | Plêase dôn't mònkey wíth the gêyser, |
|
| |
|
| Jéffrêy
| | Dôn't pêel 'tâters wíth mŷ râzor, |
|
| |
|
| ósprêy or ósprèy
| | :Rāther sây ín áccents pûre: |
| | |
| | :Nâture, státure ánd matûre. |
|
| |
|
| cf. invèigh - convèy
| | Pîous, ímpìous, límb, clîmb, glúmly, |
|
| |
|
| purvèy
| | Worsted (wùsted), wörsted, crúmbly, dúmbly, |
| | |
| | :Cónquer, cónquest, vàse, phâse, fán, |
| | |
| | :Ẁan, sedán and àrtisan. |
| | |
| | The TH (*têe-âitch) wíll sůrely troúble you |
|
| |
|
| Hàrvêy
| | Mŏre than R, CH ŏr W (*àh, cêe-âitch ŏr doúble-û) |
|
| |
|
| -zy Jërsêy
| | :Sây thén thêse phonétic géms: |
| | |
| | :Thómas, thŷme, Therêsa, Thames (*Témz). |
|
| |
|
| íffy
| | Thómpson, Chátham, Wåltham, Stréatham, |
|
| |
|
| jíffy
| | Thére are mŏre but Î forgét 'em - |
| | |
| | :Wâit! Î've gót ít: Ánthony, |
| | |
| | :Lîghten yŏur anxîety. |
|
| |
|
| stúffy
| | Thê archâíc wörd ålbêít |
|
| |
|
| símplifŷ
| | Does nót rhŷme wíth èight - yoû sêe ít; |
| | | :Wíth and fŏrthwith, òne hás vŏice, |
| mágnifŷ
| |
| | |
| vérifŷ
| |
| | |
| goôfy
| |
| | |
| dódgy
| |
| | |
| pódgy
| |
| | |
| -jy strátegy | |
| | |
| fóggy
| |
| | |
| -njỳ -ngy
| |
| | |
| -jy mângy
| |
| | |
| -jy díngy
| |
| | |
| -ləjỳ -logy
| |
| | |
| jêó- geólogy
| |
| | |
| sôsh- sociólogy
| |
| | |
| -jy astrólogỳ
| |
| | |
| -jy énergy
| |
| | |
| -jy sýnergy
| |
| | |
| -jy líturgy
| |
| | |
| .*díng-y dínghy
| |
| | |
| .*dôwy dôughy
| |
| | |
| jó- geógraphy
| |
| | |
| cf. catástrophê, apóstrophê - trôphy
| |
| | |
| átrophy
| |
| | |
| voiced th, cf thîgh, unvoiced, same vowel sound thŷ
| |
| | |
| telépathy
| |
| | |
| sýmpathy
| |
| | |
| lêaky
| |
| | |
| tácky
| |
| | |
| plúcky
| |
| | |
| pôky
| |
| | |
| âbly
| |
| | |
| próbably
| |
| | |
| regréttably
| |
| | |
| nó- knóbbly
| |
| | |
| fêebly
| |
| | |
| vísibly
| |
| | |
| respónsibly
| |
| | |
| ''dumb'' *dúmly dúmbly
| |
| | |
| ''crumble'' crúmbly
| |
| | |
| nôbly
| |
| | |
| cf. bâsically - públicly
| |
| | |
| admíttedly
| |
| | |
| lîkely
| |
| | |
| two ls pronounced - sôlely
| |
| | |
| delíberately
| |
| | |
| complêtely
| |
| | |
| or -érily -ãrily
| |
| | |
| prîmãrily
| |
| | |
| necessãrily
| |
| | |
| temporãrily
| |
| | |
| militãrily
| |
| | |
| momentãrily
| |
| | |
| -z- êasily
| |
| | |
| quíckly
| |
| | |
| állŷ
| |
| | |
| cf. públicly - económically
| |
| | |
| tópically
| |
| | |
| bâsically
| |
| | |
| mûsically
| |
| | |
| illêgally
| |
| | |
| víscerally
| |
| | |
| incidéntally
| |
| | |
| tôtally
| |
| | |
| ''mostly female'' Bíllie = ''either'' Bílly
| |
| | |
| two l’s pronounced shrílly
| |
| | |
| sílly
| |
| | |
| vólley rhymes with fólly
| |
| | |
| two l’s pronounced whôlly
| |
| | |
| two l’s pronounced coôlly
| |
| | |
| two l’s pronounced dúlly
| |
| | |
| fùlly
| |
| | |
| replŷ
| |
| | |
| ëarly
| |
| | |
| dêarly
| |
| | |
| nêarly
| |
| | |
| pëarly
| |
| | |
| cléverly
| |
| | |
| fãirly
| |
| | |
| bürly
| |
| | |
| vígorously
| |
| | |
| AmE evidéntly BrE évidently
| |
| | |
| áptly
| |
| | |
| trûly
| |
| | |
| Âmy
| |
| | |
| astrónomy
| |
| | |
| gástrónomy
| |
| | |
| autónomy
| |
| | |
| cf. epítomê - hysteréctomy
| |
| | |
| .*énny any
| |
| | |
| .*ménny many
| |
| | |
| zâny
| |
| | |
| prógeny
| |
| | |
| shîny
| |
| | |
| Plíny
| |
| | |
| cf. tínny - tîny
| |
| | |
| whîny
| |
| | |
| Jénnie = Jénny
| |
| | |
| Kénny
| |
| | |
| pénny
| |
| | |
| Jóhnnie = Jóhnny
| |
| | |
| Dónny
| |
| | |
| fúnny
| |
| | |
| súnny
| |
| | |
| BrE o as schwa, AmE -môny
| |
| | |
| BrE *hígémony (hard g), AmE *héjəmôny hegemony
| |
| | |
| îrony
| |
| | |
| pôny
| |
| | |
| Tôny
| |
| | |
| misógyny
| |
| | |
| bŏy
| |
| | |
| jŏy
| |
| | |
| tŏy
| |
| | |
| álloy
| |
| | |
| annŏy
| |
| | |
| háppy
| |
| | |
| AmE, when stressed syllable does not come immediately before it, -ãry or -éry, cf. -ery; BrE a as AmE or as schwa or silent; see also -ory - -ary
| |
| | | |
| Cãry
| | :Òne hás nót, yoû mâke yŏur chŏice. |
|
| |
|
| Gáry
| | Shoes (=shoôs), gôes, dòes. Nòw fïrst sây: fínger; |
| | |
| | Thén sây: sínger, gínger, línger. |
| | |
| | :Rêal, zêal, mauve (*môv), gåuze and gâuge, |
| | |
| | :Márríage, fôlìage, mìràge, âge, |
|
| |
|
| -shəry judíciary
| | Hêro, héron, quêry, véry, |
|
| |
|
| vocábulary
| | Párry, tárry, fûry, bury, |
| | |
| | :Dòst, lóst, pôst, and dòth, clóth, lôth, |
| | |
| | :Jób, Jôb, blóssom, bosom (*bùzm), ôath. |
| | |
| | Fåugh, oppúgnant, kêen oppûgners, |
|
| |
|
| canãry
| | Bòwing, bôwing, bánjo-tûners |
|
| |
|
| gránary
| | :Hôlm yoû knôw, but nôes, canoes (*canoôz), |
|
| |
|
| díctionary
| | :Pûisnê (*poôny), trûísm, ûse (*yoûss), to ûse (*yoûz)? |
|
| |
|
| lîbrary
| | Thôugh the dífference sêems líttle, |
|
| |
|
| nécessary
| | Wê sây áctual, but víctual, |
|
| |
|
| líterary
| | Sêat, swéat, châste, càste, Lêigh, èight, heîght, |
| | |
| | :Pùt, nút, gránite, ánd unîte. |
|
| |
|
| suppleméntary
| | :Rêefer dòes nót rhŷme wíth déafer, |
|
| |
|
| documéntary
| | Féoffer dòes, and zéphyr, héifer. |
| | |
| | :Dúll bùll Géoffrey, Geŏrge ate (*ét) lâte, |
| | |
| | :Hínt, pînt, sénate, but sedâte. |
|
| |
|
| Jánuary
| | Gáelic, Árabic, pacífic, —''Scottish; or regular Gâelic if Irish |
|
| |
|
| Fébruary
| | Scîence, cónscience, scientífic; |
| | |
| | :Toûr, but òur, doûr, súccour, fŏur, |
|
| |
|
| vãry
| | :Gás, alás, and Àrkansås. |
|
| |
|
| wãry
| | Sây manoeûvre, yacht (*yót) and vómit, |
|
| |
|
| crŷ
| | Néxt omít, whích díffers fróm ít |
|
| |
|
| drŷ
| | :Bôna fîdê, álibî |
|
| |
|
| tåwdry
| | :Gŷrate, dòwry ánd awrŷ. |
| | |
| | Sêa, idêa, guínea, ãrêa, |
|
| |
|
| mostly e as schwa: can sound like -ry in BrE -ery
| | Psàlm, Marìa, bút malãria. |
|
| |
|
| físhery
| | :Yoûth, sòuth, soúthern, cléanse and clêan, |
|
| |
|
| fîery
| | :Dóctrine, türpentine, marìne. |
|
| |
|
| bâkery
| | Compãre âlien wíth Itálian, |
|
| |
|
| coòkery
| | Dándelîon wíth battálion, |
|
| |
|
| sh- chicânery
| | :Rálly wíth állŷ; yeâ, yê, |
| | |
| | :Eŷe, Î, ây, aŷe, whèy, kêy, quaỳ! ''—ây mê, archaic expression of sadness, ây = èh |
|
| |
|
| ''paper'' stâtionary = ''stop'' stâtionery
| | Sây avër, but éver, fêver, |
|
| |
|
| conféctionery
| | Neîther, léisure, skèin, recêiver. |
| | :Néver guéss - ít ís nót sâfe, |
| | |
| | :Wê sây càlves, válves, hālf, but Râlf. |
|
| |
|
| míz- '''mísery
| | Stàrry, gránary, canãry, |
|
| |
|
| cürsory rhymes with nürsery
| | Crévice, but devîce, and éyrie, |
| | |
| | :Fâce, but préface, thén grimâce, |
|
| |
|
| cémetery
| | :Phlégm, phlegmátic, áss, glāss, bâss. |
|
| |
|
| quêry
| | Báss, làrge, tàrget, gín, gíve, vërging, |
|
| |
|
| véry
| | Ŏught, òust, jòust, and scòur, but scoürging; |
|
| |
|
| brâvery
| | :Êar, but ëarn; and ére and téar |
|
| |
|
| recòvery
| | :Do (*doô=) nót rhŷme wíth hêre but héir. |
| | Mînd thê Ô of óff and óften |
|
| |
|
| discòvery
| | Whích mây bê pronòunced as ŏrphan, ''—scarcely heard nowadays |
| | |
| | :Wíth the sòund of såw and såuce; |
|
| |
|
| quêry
| | :Ålsô sóft, lóst, clóth and cróss. |
|
| |
|
| frŷ
| | Pùdding, púddle, pùtting. Pútting? |
|
| |
|
| bélfry
| | Yés: at gôlf ít rhŷmes wíth shútting. |
|
| |
|
| ángry
| | :Réspîte, spîte, consént, resént. |
| | |
| | :Lîable, but Pàrliament. |
|
| |
|
| húngry
| | Séven ís rîght, but sô ís êven, |
|
| |
|
| gŏry
| | Hŷphen, roúghen, néphew, Stêphen, |
| | |
| | :Mònkey, dónkey, clerk (=Clàrk) and jërk, |
| | |
| | :Ásp, grāsp, ẁasp, demèsne, cŏrk, wörk. |
|
| |
|
| glŏry
| | Â of válour, vápid vâpour, |
|
| |
|
| compúlsory
| | S of neŵs (-z) (compãre neŵspâper (-ss-)), |
| | |
| | :G of gíbbet (j-), gíbbon, gíst (j-), |
| | |
| | :Î of ántichrîst and gríst, |
|
| |
|
| nürsery rhymes with cürsory
| | Díffer like divërse and dîvers, |
|
| |
|
| Tŏry
| | Rívers, strîvers, shívers, fîvers. |
|
| |
|
| usually pronounced -trỳ in BrE -tory
| | :Ònce, but nónce, tôll, dóll, but rôll, |
|
| |
|
| oblígatory
| | :Pólish, Pôlish, póll and pôll. |
| | | |
| óratory
| | Pronúnciation - thínk of Psŷchê! - |
| | | |
| AmE láboratŏry, BrE labóratory
| | Ís a pâling, stòut and spîky. |
| | | |
| satisfáctory
| | :Wôn't ít mâke yoû lose (=loôs) yŏur wíts |
| | | |
| réctory
| | :Wrîting grôats and sâying 'gríts'? —''no longer |
| | |
| diréctory
| |
| | |
| trajéctory
| |
| | |
| dŏrmitory
| |
| | |
| stŏry
| |
| | |
| hístory
| |
| | |
| prŷ
| |
| | |
| Bárry
| |
| | |
| ''person'' Cárrie = ''fetch'' cárry
| |
| | |
| Hárry
| |
| | |
| márry
| |
| | |
| ''earth'' burỳ = ''fruit'' bérry
| |
| | |
| as suffix, AmE -bérry, BrE -brêe bláckberry
| |
| | |
| blûeberry
| |
| | |
| AmE rázb-, BrE ràzb- rāspberry
| |
| | |
| stråwberry
| |
| | |
| lórry
| |
| | |
| sórry
| |
| | |
| wòrry
| |
| | |
| cúrry
| |
| | |
| fürry
| |
| | |
| húrry
| |
| | |
| trŷ
| |
| | |
| påltry
| |
| | |
| pléasantry
| |
| | |
| péasantry
| |
| | |
| bígotry
| |
| | |
| áncestry
| |
| | |
| sóphistry
| |
| | |
| ké- chémistry
| |
| | |
| ''fruit'' bérrỳ = ''earth'' bury
| |
| | |
| Dûry
| |
| | |
| Drûry
| |
| | |
| lúxury
| |
| | |
| mostly = -cỳ -sỳ
| |
| | |
| -zêe êasy
| |
| | |
| -sêe grêasy
| |
| | |
| -zêe quêasy
| |
| | |
| like demócracy, thêócracy all -ssy idiosýncrasy
| |
| | |
| -sêe écstasy
| |
| | |
| -zêe chêesy
| |
| | |
| cf. noun próphecỳ -sêe - verb próphesŷ
| |
| | |
| -sêe héresy
| |
| | |
| demócracy and thêócracy rhyme with hypócrisy
| |
| | |
| léprosy
| |
| | |
| -sêe émbassy
| |
| | |
| -sêe fússy
| |
| | |
| dízzy rhymes with *bízzy busy
| |
| | |
| -sêe jéalousy
| |
| | |
| -zêe Sûzy = Sûsie = Sûzie = Sûsy
| |
| | |
| entîrety
| |
| | |
| cíty
| |
| | |
| felícity
| |
| | |
| stupídity
| |
| | |
| reálity
| |
| | |
| cf. spécialty - speciálity
| |
| | |
| mentálity
| |
| | |
| facílity
| |
| | |
| relîabílity
| |
| | |
| flexibílity
| |
| | |
| celébrity
| |
| | |
| iníquity
| |
| | |
| antíquity
| |
| | |
| fêalty
| |
| | |
| cf. speciálity - spécialty
| |
| | |
| lŏyalty
| |
| | |
| rŏyalty
| |
| | |
| crûelty
| |
| | |
| silent h - hónesty
| |
| | |
| thïrsty
| |
| | |
| Kïrsty
| |
| | |
| ''goodbye, cricket'' bŷe = ''preposition'' bŷ = ''money'' buŷ
| |
| | |
| nâvy
| |
| | |
| wâvy
| |
| | |
| bévy
| |
| | |
| cf. lévêe, Lêvî - Lêvy
| |
| | |
| îvy
| |
| | |
| prívy
| |
| | |
| ánchovy
| |
| | |
| scürvy
| |
| | |
| sávvy
| |
| | |
| deŵy
| |
| | |
| wáxy
| |
| | |
| fóxy
| |
| | |
| slêazy
| |
| | |
| dâzy
| |
| | |
| hâzy
| |
| | |
| lâzy
| |
| | |
| crâzy
| |
| | |
| whêezy
| |
| | |
| dízzy
| |
| | |
| ===Z===
| |
| '''bíz'''
| |
| | |
| '''whízz''' or '''whíz'''
| |
| | |
| '''quíz'''
| |
| | |
| '''Óz'''
| |
| | |
| '''jázz'''
| |
| | |
| '''razzmatázz'''
| |
| | |
| '''pizzázz'''
| |
| | |
| '''fízz'''
| |
| | |
| '''búzz'''
| |
| | |
| '''fúzz'''
| |
| | |
| '''zzzz'''
| |
| | |
| ==Double letters==
| |
| The following alphabetical table shows examples of how letters can be doubled in English.
| |
| | |
| Double letters before suffixes are used to preserve short vowel sounds as in flípped (not *flîped), rebélled (not *rebêled) and pégged (not pêged, which would probably in any case be pronounced pêjed). Compare scrâped, past of scrâpe, and scrápped, from scráp. In the case of t, doubling it after an unstressed vowel and before a suffix seems unnecessary, but in some cases it doubles before -ed: either tàrgeted or tàrgetted.
| |
| | |
| The sign # indicates a double letter that is rare in that position; capital-letter words indicate that the double letter in this position is only found in names. An asterisk (*) indicates a respelling to show pronunciation and an equals sign (=) introduces a [[homophone]].
| |
| {|class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !initial
| |
| !medial
| |
| !final | |
| !final + silent e
| |
| |-
| |
| |àardvark #<ref>'''àardvark''' and '''Transvàal''' are from '''[[Afrikaans|Afrikàans]]''', itself a further example.</ref>
| |
| |Transvàal #
| |
| |bàa #
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ríbbon
| |
| |ébb #
| |
| |Crábbe
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sóccer (*sócker), accépt (*əxépt)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hídden
| |
| |ádd
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |êel
| |
| |bêen
| |
| |sêe
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |éffort
| |
| |clíff
| |
| |Clíffe
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |aggréssion
| |
| |égg #
| |
| |Légge (= lég)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hítchhike # (accidental)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skìíng #
| |
| |Hawàìi #
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |hàjj # (also spelt hàdj)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |púkka #<ref> Also accidental in '''boòkkeeper''', with a pause to indicate both k’s are pronounced.</ref>
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |llàma #
| |
| |fílling
| |
| |wéll
| |
| |bélle
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |súmmer
| |
| |Crámm
| |
| |grámme
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dínner
| |
| |ínn # ''pub''
| |
| |Ánne (= Ánn)
| |
| |-
| |
| |oôze, oòmph #
| |
| |foôd, foòt, flòod, [[British English|BrE]] doŏr
| |
| |toô
| |
| |Loôe (= loô)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |flípped
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |Sadìqqi #
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |érror
| |
| |pürr
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |méssy
| |
| |lóss
| |
| |crevásse
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bétter
| |
| |ẁatt
| |
| |couchétte -sh-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vácuum # (*vákyoôm)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flívver #
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |[[Exxon|Éxxon]] ™ #
| |
| |[[Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans|Bób B. Sóxx]] #
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fízzy
| |
| |búzz
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Table of accents==
| |
| These accents are intended to show the pronunciation while retaining the spelling: they are not part of the language. Those on '''i''' and '''y''' show the same sound; similarly with '''u''', '''oo''' and '''w'''. Accented vowels are stressed ('''ỳ''' is normally unstressed, as in '''háppy'''). '''ā''', not in the table, means that the sound is '''à''' in British English and '''á''' in American.
| |
| {|class="wikitable"
| |
| |rowspan=2|
| |
| |colspan=3 align=center|'''Front vowels
| |
| |colspan=5 align=center|'''Back vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| !e
| |
| !i
| |
| !y<ref>When not accented, it is usually the semi-consonant of '''yoû''' and '''yés'''.</ref>
| |
| !a
| |
| !o
| |
| !u
| |
| !oo
| |
| !w<ref>When not accented, it is usually the semi-consonant of '''wê''' and '''wíll'''.</ref>
| |
| |-
| |
| |width=36%|The typical short sound:
| |
| |width=8%|pét
| |
| |width=8%|pít
| |
| |width=8%|crýpt
| |
| |width=8%|cát
| |
| |width=8%|dóg<ref>In American English this short British sound is replaced by the longer '''à''' in most positions, and by '''ŏ''' before '''r'''.</ref>
| |
| |width=8%|nút
| |
| |width=8%|
| |
| |width=8%|
| |
| |-
| |
| |The typical long sound:
| |
| |sêe
| |
| |nîce
| |
| |mŷ
| |
| |nâme
| |
| |nôse
| |
| |tûne
| |
| |toô
| |
| |neŵ
| |
| |-
| |
| |The 'third' sound ('''ẁ'''- and '''qù'''- indicate the ó sound of the following '''a''', '''ẁad''' rhyming with '''qùad'''; '''òu''' and '''òw''' are diphthongs sounding like '''àù''' in '''àùtobahn''': '''nòw''' has this '''sòund'''):
| |
| |èight
| |
| |machìne
| |
| |quaỳ ''water'' = keỳ (kêy) ''lock''
| |
| |àre
| |
| |òther
| |
| |fùll, qùantity
| |
| |foòt
| |
| |ẁant<ref>Grave accents on '''w''' and on a '''u''' following a '''q''' indicate the sound of the following '''a''': '''à''' in American English, but in British the extra sound '''ó''' as in the British pronunciation of '''hót'''.</ref>
| |
| |-
| |
| |The '''ër''' sound, as in '''ër, Î dôn’t thínk sô''':
| |
| |përson
| |
| |bïrd
| |
| |mÿrtle
| |
| |
| |
| |wörd
| |
| |pürr
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |The '''ŏr''' sound, as in '''thís ŏr thát''' (also used for '''cŏin''' and '''jŏy'''):
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |såw
| |
| |mŏre
| |
| |(for some BrE speakers) sůre
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |The '''ãir''' sound, as in '''frésh ãir''':
| |
| |(thére)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |stãre
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |Irregular (with respelling):
| |
| |sęw (ô)
| |
| |merįngue (á)
| |
| |
| |
| |becąuse (ó)
| |
| |wǫman (ù)
| |
| |bųsiness (í)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| ===Example sentences===
| |
| ''Words without accents have the [[schwa]] sound, a neutral grunt.''
| |
| | |
| ''The usual short sound:''
| |
| | |
| The gínger cát was jéalous of the bláck cát: howéver, the tábby was a véry dífferent mátter - the stúff of réveries, ín fáct.
| |
| | |
| ''The usual long sound:''
| |
| | |
| Sây mŷ nâme thrêe tîmes with stŷle and Î’ll gô and fînd a tûne to plây for yoû.
| |
| | |
| ''The third sound:'' | |
|
| |
|
| Christìna Grèy shoùld lòve her mòther and fàther (and dòes).
| | Ìt's a dàrk abýss ŏr túnnel |
|
| |
|
| ''The ‘ër’ sound:''
| | Streŵn wíth stônes lîke rôwlock, gúnwale, |
|
| |
|
| But fïrst, Mÿrtle, fürther dïrty, ïrksome and distürbing wörk for the nürses.
| | :Íslington, and Îsle of Wîght, |
| | |
| | :Hòusewîfe, vërdíct and indîct. |
|
| |
|
| ''The ‘ŏr’ sound (sůre here is with [[British English|British]] pronunciation = Shåw):'' | | Dôn't yoû thínk sô, rêader, ràther, |
|
| |
|
| Sůre yoû ŏught to cråwl ón åll fŏurs, m’lŏrd?
| | Sâying làther, bâther, fàther? |
| | |
| | :Fînally, whích rhŷmes wíth enoúgh, |
| | |
| | :Thôugh, throûgh, bòugh, cóugh, hóugh, sòugh, toúgh?? |
|
| |
|
| ''Irregular, with respelling:''
| | Hiccoúgh hás the sòund of súp. |
|
| |
|
| Many women? Any woman! (pronounced: *Ménny *wímmin? *Énny *wùman!)
| | Mŷ advîce ís: GÍVE ÍT ÚP! |
|
| |
|
| ==Notes== | | ==Notes== |
| {{reflist}} | | {{reflist}} |
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z
|
| Use in English
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Alphabetical word list
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Retroalphabetical list
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Common misspellings
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English is notorious for its many varied, inconsistent and irregular spellings. This can be seen at its most extravagant in the field of proper nouns—for example, simply adding an 'h' to 'Maria' to make it rhyme with 'pariah', or calling oneself 'Cholmondeley Featherstonehaugh' while pronouncing it 'Chumley Fanshaw'. An example of a common misspelling is 'disasterous' for 'disastrous', retaining the 'e' of 'disaster'. Many words do not turn out to have the pronunciation they appear to have: 'do' and 'to' do not rhyme with 'go' and 'no', while 'seismic', instead of being 'seezmic' or 'sayzmic', or even 'sayizmic', is in fact 'size-mic'. The above grid (reproduced and explained below) provides links to three lists and a cluster of articles devoted to these things.
To show pronunciation, these articles use correct spellings with added accent marks, instead of relying on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). In some cases incorrect respellings are placed next to the correct ones, signalled by a preceding asterisk, like thís *thíss. The accent marks show pronunciation, thús. A table of these accents (which are not part of the language[1]) can be found below; there is also an IPA key at English phonemes. Where there is more than one accent, the first is stressed, and the same is true after a hyphen, so in the respelling of Tchaikóvsky, *Chŷ-kóffskỳ, it is 'kóff' that has the main stress. (Another way of showing new stress is with a bar: Tchaî|kóvsky.) A sentence from the preceding paragraph can thus be rewritten as follows: "An example of a common misspelling is *disāsterous for disāstrous, retaining the E of disāster." Respelling may be used to exemplify an incorrect spelling, or show a correct pronunciation, or a bit of both. Unlike the IPA, where there can only be one version per pronunciation, as there must be an unambiguous one-to-one correspondence, there can be many respellings: if *disāsterous for disāstrous is a common mistake, we can also represent the pronunciation as *dizāstrus or *dizāstrous or *dizāstrəss (with 'ə', a special character – the only one used – for schwa); or we can contrast British English *dizàstrus with American *dizástrus.
Particular attention is given to homophones, words with the same pronunciation but different meanings. English is rich in homophones, many of which are also homonyms, having also the same spelling, as, for example, cán able, tin (the italicised words suggest meanings, in this case two); while homographs are words with the same spelling whose meanings are distinguished by different pronunciations.
Also of special note are words that many writers incorrectly divide. ôver and dûe, for example, combine to form overdûe, without a space in the middle. Such examples are included with ‘one word’ alongside them: alongsîde one word.
An equals sign = is placed between homophones (in some cases the approximately equals sign ≈ is more appropriate). Homographs and other similar-looking words are included after 'cf.' (Latin conferre, 'compare').
Some words from other languages, in most cases French, may sometimes appear in English with accents from those languages. Here, such spellings are shown using bold italics: touchè may be written with a French accent: touché *tooshây.
The apostrophe is an important part of spelling and so it is treated as a letter, with its own place at the end of the alphabet.
Fragments of words are in bold when correctly spelt: Ukrâine has -âine, not -âne.
Words in italics are used to suggest meanings (e.g. sêa water = sêe vision, where the equals sign denotes identical pronunciation). Words beginning with an initial capital may have no word in italics following: these are names of people, either personal or family, and/or commercial or place names. Such words are included because they often contrast with the spellings of homophones: a bank clerk might be named Clàrk or Clàrke, but probably not 'Clerk' (though BrE clerk = Clàrk/Clàrke). Unusual spellings can be explained by regular ones: Cloúgh = Clúff. An American called Maurìce Mŏrris could just as well be called Mórris Maurice ("Morris Morris") in Britain, where Maurice = Mórris (although it would be putting the conventional surname before the conventional given name).
Links to letter articles and lists
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N |
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Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z
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| Use in English
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| Alphabetical word list
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| Retroalphabetical list
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| Common misspellings
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In the navigation table above (reproduced at the top of each article in the cluster) the cells in each row link as follows:
- Top row: articles on each letter and its use in English. There are similar articles on GH, the apostrophe and the hyphen.
- Second row: alphabetical lists of of commonly misspelt and/or mispronounced words, alongside more regular words they may be confused with (words beginning with an apostrophe are here). Some incorrect spellings are also listed, signalled by an asterisk: *dispánd disbánd means that the word is 'disband'. (The bottom row is devoted entirely to misspellings and typos.)
- Third row: retroalphabetical lists, arranged alphabetically according to the final letter of the word and continuing backwards through it:
- In the retroalphabetical lists the headword is on the right. In this way, suffixes and other word endings can be seen grouped together, just as prefixes can be seen in normal alphabetical order. So, instead of ádd båll coúsin, we have réplicA fláB plástiC; and so for mûsiC, see under -C, for mûsicaL, see under -L, for pàrticlE, see under -E, and so on.
- Some suffixes are included separately; their pronunciation may or may not apply to following words ("always -ãrian" means there is no other pronunciation of -ãrian).
- Throughout, the apostrophe is treated as the last letter, after Z. (Words ending in an apostrophe are also here.)
- For clarity, italic association words are to the left of the example word:
- woman mâid = make mâde
- Some incorrect spellings are listed retroalphabetically, in which case the misspelling goes on the right, just as in the alphabetical list:
- wêasel *wêasal
- Bottom row: common misspellings including typos (blue-linked for checking purposes), followed by the correct versions.
Two main varieties are distinguished: British English (BrE), that of the UK and much of the Commonwealth (see also Commonwealth English), and American English (AmE), that of the USA and Canada (without the cåught = cót merger that has occurred in some parts of North America).
Unlike dictionaries, the lists include personal and place names for their own sake and for contrast.
Table of accents
These accents are intended to show the pronunciation while retaining the spelling: they are not part of the language. Those on i and y show the same sound; similarly with u, oo and w. Accented vowels are stressed (ỳ is normally unstressed, as in háppy). ā, not in the table, means that the sound is à in standard British and Commonwealth pronunciations but á in American and other British and Commonwealth speech.
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Front vowels
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Back vowels
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i
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y[2]
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a
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o
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u
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oo
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w[3]
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| The typical short sound, never occurring at the end of a word (acute accent)
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pét
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pít
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crýpt
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cát
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dóg[4]
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nút
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| The typical long sound, corresponding to the names of the letters A, E, I, O and U (circumflex accent)
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sêe
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nîce
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mŷ
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nâme
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nôse
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rûle
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toô
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neŵ
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| Sounds shown with the grave accent (ẁ- and qù- indicate the BrE ó sound of the following a, ẁad rhyming with qùad; òu and òw are diphthongs sounding like àù in àùtobahn: nòw has this sòund)
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èight (= â)
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machìne (= ê)
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quaỳ water = kêỳ lock
(= ê)
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àre
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òther, blòod
(= ú)
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fùll (= oò), qùantity (= w)
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foòt (= ù)
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ẁant (= wó)[5]
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| The ër sound (umlaut accent)
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përson
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bïrd
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mÿrtle
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(ëarth)
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wörd
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pürr
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(cŏin)
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(jŏy)
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åll
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mŏre
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(for some BrE speakers) sůre
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(thére)
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(ãir =
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Ãyr)
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stãre
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sew (= sô)
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meringue (*məráng)
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because (*bikóz)
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woman (*wùmən), women (*wímən)
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business (*bízníss)
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Example sentences
These sentences show how the accents may be used, for example, when teaching pronunciation. Words without accents are monosyllables with the schwa sound, a neutral grunt.
The usual short sound, acute accent:
The gínger cát was jéalous of the bláck cát: howéver, the tábby was a véry dífferent mátter - the stúff of réveries, ín fáct.
The usual long sound, circumflex accent:
Sây mŷ nâme thrêe tîmes with stŷle and Î’ll gô and fînd a tûne to plây for yoû.
The third sound, grave accent:
Christìna Grèy shoùld (and dòes?) lòve her mòther and fàther.
The ër sound, umlaut:
But fïrst, Mÿrtle, fürther dïrty, ïrksome and distürbing wörk for the nürses.
The ŏr sound (sůre here is with British pronunciation = Shåw), the ring, or half-ring:
Sůre yoû ŏught to cråwl ón åll fŏurs, m’lŏrd?
Irregular, without accent, instead with respelling:
Many women? Any woman! (pronounced: *Ménny wímmin? Énny wùman!)
Double letters
The following alphabetical table shows examples of how letters can be doubled in English.
Double consonant letters before suffixes are used (as often elsewhere) to preserve short vowel sounds, as in flípped (not *flîped), rebélled (not *rebêled) and pégged (not *pêged, which if regular would in any case be pronounced *pêjed). Compare scrâped, past of scrâpe, and scrápped, from scráp. In the case of t, doubling it after an unstressed vowel and before a suffix may seem unnecessary, but in some cases it can be doubled before -ed: either tàrgeted or tàrgetted (but always commítted).
The sign # indicates a double letter that is rare in that position; capital-letter words indicate that the double letter in this position is only found in names. An asterisk (*) indicates a respelling to show pronunciation, and an equals sign (=) introduces a homophone.
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initial
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medial
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final
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final + silent e
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àardvark #[7]
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bazàar #
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bàa #
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ríbbon
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ébb #
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Crábbe (= cráb)
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sóccer (*sócker), accépt (*əxépt)
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hídden
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ádd
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êel
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bêen
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sêe
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Ffoùlkes
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éffort
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óff
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Clíffe (= clíff)
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aggréssion (-g-), exággerate (-j-)
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égg #
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Légge (= lég)
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hítchhike # (accidental)
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skìíng #
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Hawàìi #
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hàjj # (also spelt hàdj)
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púkka; boòkkeeper (accidental)[8] #
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llàma[9] #
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fílling
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wéll
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bélle beauty (= béll ring)
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súmmer
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Crámm (= crám)
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grámme (= grám)
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| N
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dínner
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ínn # pub
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Ánne (= Ánn)
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| O
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oôze, oòmph #
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foôd, foòt, flòod, doŏr
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toô
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Loôe (= loô)
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| P
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flípped
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stéppe Asia # (= stép foot)
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Sadìqqi #
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érror
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pürr
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méssy
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lóss
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crevásse
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bétter
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ẁatt
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couchétte -sh-
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vácuum # (*vákyoôm)
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révved #
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Lawwell # (accidental)
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Éxxon ™ #
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Bób B. Sóxx #
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Khayyàm #
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| Z
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fízzy
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búzz
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Names of the letters
The names of the letters of the alphabet are rarely written out in English (a simple capital being the normal usage: "with a C, not a K") so that, unlike in many other languages, most of their spellings have a rather unofficial status. But they can be shown as follows, using real words where possible:
A: â (the indefinite article, when stressed), èh? what?
B: bê exist, bêe sting
C: occasionally cêe; sêe look, sêa ship
D: Dêe River, surname
E: ê as in êmail, ê-mail
F: éff as in the euphemism éff óff
G: gêe up, exclamation *jêe
H: âitch as in drópping your âitches
I: Î me, eŷe vision
J: jây bird
K: Kây person
L: él elevated railway (AmE)
M: ém dash
N: én dash
O: ôwe debt, ôh! exclamation
P: pêa pod, pêe urine, p pence (BrE)
Q: queûe line, cûe ball, prompt
R: àre be, BrE àh exclamation
S: occasionally éss
T: têa drink, têe golf, tì do-re-mi
U: yoû me, eŵe sheep
V: Vêe Bobby
W: "doúble you" (*dúblyu; cf. vácûum, which actually does have a doúble Û)
X: éx- past
Y: whŷ reason (voiced w, as in BrE)
Z: BrE zéd, AmE zêe
The Chaos
by Gerard Nolst Trenité
This poem on pronunciation irregularities was first published in 1920. Accent marks, respellings and editorial comments have been added to reflect current British English pronunciation. The unadorned poem, with an introduction, can be found here.
The Châós (*câyóss)
Dêarest crêature ín creâtion
Stúdying English (*Ínglish) pronunciâtion,
- Î wíll têach yoû ín mŷ vërse
- Sòunds lîke cŏrpse, cŏrps (*cŏr), hŏrse and wörse.
Î wíll kêep yoû, Sûsy, busy (*bízzy),
Mâke yŏur héad wíth hêat grôw dízzy;
- Têar ín eŷe, yŏur dréss yŏu'll téar;
- Quêer, fãir sêer (*sêe-er), hêar mŷ prãyer.
Prây, consôle yŏur lòving pôet,
Mâke mŷ côat loòk neŵ, dêar, sew (=sô) ít!
- Júst compãre heàrt, hêar and hëard,
- Dîes and dîet (*dîət), lŏrd and wörd.
Swŏrd (*sŏrd) and swård, retâin and Brítain
[Mînd the látter hòw ít's wrítten].
- Mâde hás nót the sòund of báde,
- Sây–said (*séd), pây–pâid, lâid but pláid.
Nòw Î sůrely wíll nót plâgue yoû
Wíth súch wörds as vâgue and âgûe,
- Bút bê cãreful hòw yoû spêak,
- Sây: gúsh, bùsh, steâk, strêak, breâk, blêak,
Prêvious, précious, fûchsia (*feŵsha), vîa,
Récipê, pîpe, stúdding-sâil, choîr (=quîre);
- Wôven, óven, hòw and lôw,
- Scrípt, recêipt (*rissêet), shoe (=shoô), pôem, tôe.
Sây, expécting fråud and tríckerỳ:
Dåughter (*dåwter), làughter (*làfter) ánd Terpsíchorê (*Terpsíckery),
- Brànch, rànch, mêasles, tópsails, aîsles (*îles),
- Míssîles, símilês, revîles.
Whôlly (=hôly), hólly, sígnal, sîgning (*sîning),
Sâme, exámining, but mîning,
- Schólar (*scóllar), vícar, and cigàr,
- Sôlar, mîca, wår and fàr.
From "desîre": desîrable - ádmirable from "admîre",
Lúmber, plúmber, biêr, but brîer,
- Tópsham, broûgham (*breŵəm), renòwn, but knôwn,
- Knówledge, dòne, lône, góne, nòne, tône,
Òne (=wòn), anémonê, Balmóral,
Kítchen, lîchen (=lîken), låundry, laurel (lórrel).
- Gërtrude, Gërman (J-), wínd and wînd,
- Beau (=Bô), kînd, kíndred, queûe, mankînd,
Tŏrtoise (*tŏrtus), türquŏise, chámois-léather (*shámwà-),
Rêading, Réading, hêathen, héather.
- Thís phonétic lábyrínth
- Gíves móss, grôss, broòk, brôoch, nînth, plínth.
Háve yoû éver yét endéavoured
To (=toô)[10] pronòunce revêred and sévered,
- Dêmon, lémon, ghoûl, fòul, sôul,
- Pêter, pétrol and patrôl?
Bíllet dòes nót énd lîke bállèt (*bállây);
Boûquèt, ẁallet, mállet, chálèt.
- Blòod and flòod are nót lîke foôd,
- Nŏr ís môuld lîke shoùld and woùld (=woòd).
Bánquet ís nót nêarly pàrquèt,
Whích exáctly rhŷmes wíth khàkì. —not usually nowadays
- Díscòunt, vîscòunt (*vîcòunt), lôad and brŏad,
- Towård, to fŏrward, to (=toô) rewård,
Rícochèted and crôchèting, crôquèt?
Rîght! Yŏur pronunciâtion's OK.[11]
- Ròunded, woûnded, griêve and síeve,
- Friénd and fiênd, alîve and líve.
Ís yŏur R corréct ín hîgher?
Kêats assërts ít rhŷmes Thalîa.
- Hûgh, but húg, and hoòd, but hoôt,
- Buŏyant, mínute, bút minûte.
Sây abscíssion wíth precísion,
Nòw: posítion ánd transítion;
- Woùld ít tálly wíth mŷ rhŷme
- Íf Î méntioned páradîgm?
Twòpence, thréepence, têase are êasy,
But cêase, crêase, grêase and grêasy?
- Cŏrnice, nîce, valìse, revîse,
- Râbíes, but lúllabîes.
Óf súch púzzling wörds as nåuseous,
Rhŷming wéll wíth cåutious, tŏrtious,
- Yoû'll envélop lísts, Î hôpe,
- Ín a línen énvelôpe.
Woùld yoû lîke some mŏre? Yoû'll háve ít!
Áffidâvit, Dâvid, dávit.
- To (=toô) abjûre, to përjure. Shèik
- Dòes nót sòund lîke Czéch but âche.
Líberty, lîbrary, hêave and héaven,
Râchel, lóch, moustàche, eléven.
- Wê sây hállôwed, bút allòwed,
- Pêople, léopard, tôwed but vòwed.
Màrk the dífference, moreôver,
Betwêen mover (*moôver), plòver, Dôver.
- Lêaches, brêeches, wîse, precîse,
- Chálíce, bút polìce and lîce,
Cámel, cònstable, únstâble,
Prínciple, discîple, lâbel.
- Pétal, pênal, and canál,
- Wâit, surmîse, pláit, prómíse, pál,
Sûit, suìte, rûín. Cïrcuít, cónduít
Rhŷme wíth "shïrk ít" and "beyónd ít". —still?
- Bút ít ís nót hàrd to téll
- Whŷ ít's påll, måll, but Páll Máll.
Múscle, múscular, gâol (=jâil), îron,
Tímber, clîmber, búllion, lîon,
- Wörm and stŏrm, chaise (*shézz), châós, chãir,
- Sénator, spectâtor, mãyor,
Îvy, prívy, fâmous; clámour
Hás thê Â of dráchm and hámmer.
- Pùssy, hússy ánd posséss,
- Désert, but desërt, addréss.
Gôlf, wolf (=Woòlf), còuntenance, lieuténants
Hŏist ín lieû of flágs léft pénnants.
- Coùrier, cŏurtier, tomb (*toôm), bómb, cômb,
- Còw, but Cowper (=Coôper), sòme and hôme.
"Sôlder, sôldier! Blòod ís thícker",
Quôth hê, "than liqueûr ŏr líquor",
- Mâking, ít ís sád but trûe,
- Ín bravàdo, múch ado (*adoô).
Strânger dòes nót rhŷme wíth ánger,
Neîther dòes devòur wíth clángour. —neither does anger: *áng-gə
- Pîlot, pívot, gåunt, but āunt,
- Fónt, frònt, wônt, wånt, gránd and grānt.
Àrsenic, specífic, scênic,
Rélic, rhétoric, hygìênic.
- Goòseberry, goôse, and clôse, but clôse,
- Páradise, rîse, rôse, and dôse.
Sây invèigh, nèigh, but invêigle,
Mâke the látter rhŷme wíth êagle.
- Mînd! Mêándering but mêan,
- Válentîne and mágazìne.
Ánd Î bét yoû, dêar, a pénny,
Yoû sây máni-(fôld) lîke many (*ménny),
- Whích ís wróng. Sây râpier, pìêr,
- Tîer (òne who tîes), but tìêr.
Àrch, archângel; prây, dòes ërring
Rhŷme wíth hérring ŏr wíth stïrring?
- Príson, bîson, tréasure trôve,
- Trêason, hóver, còver, côve,
Persevêrance, séverance. Ríbald
Rhŷmes (but pîebåld dòesn't) wíth níbbled.
- Phâeton, paêan, gnát, ghåt, gnåw,
- Liên, psŷchic, shóne, bône, pshåw.
Dôn't bê dòwn, mŷ ôwn, but roúgh ít,
Ánd distínguish bùffèt, búffet;
- Broôd, stoòd, roôf, roòk, schoôl, woòl, boôn,
- Worcester (*Wùster), Boleýn, to (=toô) impûgn.
Sây ín sòunds corréct and stërling
Hëarse, hêar, heàrken, yêar and yëarling —yëar and yêarling are about as likely
Êvil, dévil, mézzotínt,
- Mînd the Z (zéd)! (A géntle hínt.)
Nòw yoû nêed nót pây atténtion
To (=toô) súch sòunds as Î dôn't méntion,
- Sòunds lîke pŏres, påuse, pŏurs and påws,
- Rhŷming wíth the prônòun yŏurs;
Nŏr are próper nâmes inclûded,
Thôugh Î óften hëard, as yoû díd,
- Fúnny rhŷmes to ûnicŏrn,
- Yés, yoû knôw them, Våughan and Stråchan —nowadays regularised to *Strákhən
Nô, mŷ mâiden, cŏy and còmely,
Î dôn't ẁant to spêak of Chòlmondeley (*Chúmley).
- Nô. Yét Froûde compãred wíth pròud
- Ís nô bétter thán McLeod (*McClòud).
But mînd trívial and vîal,
Trîpod, mênial, denîal,
- Trôll and trólley, réalm and rêam,
- Schédule, míschief, schísm, and schême.
Àrgil, gíll, Argŷll, gíll. Sůrely
Mây bê mâde to rhŷme wíth Råleigh,
- Bút yŏu're nót suppôsed to sây
- Pìquèt rhŷmes wíth sóbriquèt.
Hád thís ínvalid inválid
Wörthless dócuments? Hòw pállid,
- Hòw uncoûth hê, còuchant, loòked,
- Whén for Pŏrtsmouth Î had boòked!
Zeûs, Thêbes, Thales, Aphrodîtê,
Páramour, enámoured, flîghty,
- Épisôdes, antípodês,
- Ácquiésce, and óbsequies.
Plêase dôn't mònkey wíth the gêyser,
Dôn't pêel 'tâters wíth mŷ râzor,
- Rāther sây ín áccents pûre:
- Nâture, státure ánd matûre.
Pîous, ímpìous, límb, clîmb, glúmly,
Worsted (wùsted), wörsted, crúmbly, dúmbly,
- Cónquer, cónquest, vàse, phâse, fán,
- Ẁan, sedán and àrtisan.
The TH (*têe-âitch) wíll sůrely troúble you
Mŏre than R, CH ŏr W (*àh, cêe-âitch ŏr doúble-û)
- Sây thén thêse phonétic géms:
- Thómas, thŷme, Therêsa, Thames (*Témz).
Thómpson, Chátham, Wåltham, Stréatham,
Thére are mŏre but Î forgét 'em -
- Wâit! Î've gót ít: Ánthony,
- Lîghten yŏur anxîety.
Thê archâíc wörd ålbêít
Does nót rhŷme wíth èight - yoû sêe ít;
- Wíth and fŏrthwith, òne hás vŏice,
- Òne hás nót, yoû mâke yŏur chŏice.
Shoes (=shoôs), gôes, dòes. Nòw fïrst sây: fínger;
Thén sây: sínger, gínger, línger.
- Rêal, zêal, mauve (*môv), gåuze and gâuge,
- Márríage, fôlìage, mìràge, âge,
Hêro, héron, quêry, véry,
Párry, tárry, fûry, bury,
- Dòst, lóst, pôst, and dòth, clóth, lôth,
- Jób, Jôb, blóssom, bosom (*bùzm), ôath.
Fåugh, oppúgnant, kêen oppûgners,
Bòwing, bôwing, bánjo-tûners
- Hôlm yoû knôw, but nôes, canoes (*canoôz),
- Pûisnê (*poôny), trûísm, ûse (*yoûss), to ûse (*yoûz)?
Thôugh the dífference sêems líttle,
Wê sây áctual, but víctual,
Sêat, swéat, châste, càste, Lêigh, èight, heîght,
- Pùt, nút, gránite, ánd unîte.
- Rêefer dòes nót rhŷme wíth déafer,
Féoffer dòes, and zéphyr, héifer.
- Dúll bùll Géoffrey, Geŏrge ate (*ét) lâte,
- Hínt, pînt, sénate, but sedâte.
Gáelic, Árabic, pacífic, —Scottish; or regular Gâelic if Irish
Scîence, cónscience, scientífic;
- Toûr, but òur, doûr, súccour, fŏur,
- Gás, alás, and Àrkansås.
Sây manoeûvre, yacht (*yót) and vómit,
Néxt omít, whích díffers fróm ít
- Bôna fîdê, álibî
- Gŷrate, dòwry ánd awrŷ.
Sêa, idêa, guínea, ãrêa,
Psàlm, Marìa, bút malãria.
- Yoûth, sòuth, soúthern, cléanse and clêan,
- Dóctrine, türpentine, marìne.
Compãre âlien wíth Itálian,
Dándelîon wíth battálion,
- Rálly wíth állŷ; yeâ, yê,
- Eŷe, Î, ây, aŷe, whèy, kêy, quaỳ! —ây mê, archaic expression of sadness, ây = èh
Sây avër, but éver, fêver,
Neîther, léisure, skèin, recêiver.
- Néver guéss - ít ís nót sâfe,
- Wê sây càlves, válves, hālf, but Râlf.
Stàrry, gránary, canãry,
Crévice, but devîce, and éyrie,
- Fâce, but préface, thén grimâce,
- Phlégm, phlegmátic, áss, glāss, bâss.
Báss, làrge, tàrget, gín, gíve, vërging,
Ŏught, òust, jòust, and scòur, but scoürging;
- Êar, but ëarn; and ére and téar
- Do (*doô=) nót rhŷme wíth hêre but héir.
Mînd thê Ô of óff and óften
Whích mây bê pronòunced as ŏrphan, —scarcely heard nowadays
- Wíth the sòund of såw and såuce;
- Ålsô sóft, lóst, clóth and cróss.
Pùdding, púddle, pùtting. Pútting?
Yés: at gôlf ít rhŷmes wíth shútting.
- Réspîte, spîte, consént, resént.
- Lîable, but Pàrliament.
Séven ís rîght, but sô ís êven,
Hŷphen, roúghen, néphew, Stêphen,
- Mònkey, dónkey, clerk (=Clàrk) and jërk,
- Ásp, grāsp, ẁasp, demèsne, cŏrk, wörk.
 of válour, vápid vâpour,
S of neŵs (-z) (compãre neŵspâper (-ss-)),
- G of gíbbet (j-), gíbbon, gíst (j-),
- Î of ántichrîst and gríst,
Díffer like divërse and dîvers,
Rívers, strîvers, shívers, fîvers.
- Ònce, but nónce, tôll, dóll, but rôll,
- Pólish, Pôlish, póll and pôll.
Pronúnciation - thínk of Psŷchê! -
Ís a pâling, stòut and spîky.
- Wôn't ít mâke yoû lose (=loôs) yŏur wíts
- Wrîting grôats and sâying 'gríts'? —no longer
Ìt's a dàrk abýss ŏr túnnel
Streŵn wíth stônes lîke rôwlock, gúnwale,
- Íslington, and Îsle of Wîght,
- Hòusewîfe, vërdíct and indîct.
Dôn't yoû thínk sô, rêader, ràther,
Sâying làther, bâther, fàther?
- Fînally, whích rhŷmes wíth enoúgh,
- Thôugh, throûgh, bòugh, cóugh, hóugh, sòugh, toúgh??
Hiccoúgh hás the sòund of súp.
Mŷ advîce ís: GÍVE ÍT ÚP!
Notes
- ↑ A few different accents, mostly from French, sometimes crop up in English, however; see French words in English.
- ↑ When not accented, y is usually the semi-consonant of yoû and yés.
- ↑ When not accented, w is usually the semi-consonant of wê and wíll.
- ↑ In American English this short British sound is replaced by the longer à in most positions, and by ŏ before r.
- ↑ Grave accents on w and on a u following a q indicate the sound of the following a: à in American English, but in British the extra sound ó as in the British pronunciation of hót.
- ↑ å and ŏ show the same sound: ideally the o too would have a ring over it, but this symbol is not available, so ŏ is used instead.
- ↑ àardvark and Transvàal are from Afrikàans, itself a further example.
- ↑ With a pause to indicate both k’s are pronounced.
- ↑ Also representing a Welsh sound in place names like Llandudno (-dídno) and Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwrndrobllllantysiliogogogóch.
- ↑ Strong form of to, not normal in a verb's infinitive, necessitated by the metre.
- ↑ The pronunciation required by the metre is "ôkay", though the K is normally the stressed syllable: okây.
