Haloperidol

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In psychiatry, haloperidol is a "phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorders, ballism, and Tourette syndrome (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in mental retardation and the chorea of Huntington disease. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable hiccups."[1]

Dosage

Acute agitation

Haloperidol (10 mg) and promethazine (25 mg or 50 mg) intramuscular injection, combined in the same syringe will make 91% of adults either tranquil or asleep at 15 minutes.[2] This is similar to 10 mg olanzapine intramuscularlly will make 87% of adults either tranquil or asleep at 15 minutes.[2]

Delirium

Haloperidol less than 3 mg per day can improve delirium.[3]

Dementia

Haloperidol 1 mg per day with gradual increase in dose might reduce the chance of extrapyramidal drug-related side effects and adverse reactionss in patients treated for dementia.[4]

Availability

Haldol

Adverse effects

Dystonia

Haloperidol may cause acute dystonia. This is treated with either benztropine 1 to 4 mg intravenously or intramuscularly up to maximum 6 milligrams/day or diphenhydramine 25 to 50 mg intravenously over 2 minutes up to 100 milligrams/dose or 400 milligrams/day.[5]

References

  1. National Library of Medicine. Haloperidol. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Raveendran NS, Tharyan P, Alexander J, Adams CE (2007). "Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine". BMJ 335 (7625): 865. DOI:10.1136/bmj.39341.608519.BE. PMID 17954514. Research Blogging.
  3. Lonergan E, Britton AM, Luxenberg J, Wyller T (2007). "Antipsychotics for delirium". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD005594. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005594.pub2. PMID 17443602. Research Blogging.
  4. Devanand DP, Marder K, Michaels KS, et al (1998). "A randomized, placebo-controlled dose-comparison trial of haloperidol for psychosis and disruptive behaviors in Alzheimer's disease". The American journal of psychiatry 155 (11): 1512–20. PMID 9812111[e]
  5. Anonymous. Butyrophenones. In: POISINDEX® System [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Healthcare.

External links

The most up-to-date information about haloperidol and other drugs can be found at the following sites.