Theatre (building)

A "theatre" (sometimes spelt "theater" in American English) is a structure in which theatrical or dramatic works, often simply called "plays," are performed. The word "theatre" comes from the the Greek "θέατρον" ("theatron" meaning "place of seeing") via the French "théâtre".

Ancient theatres

Legend traces the origins of drama in Ancient Greece to the sixth-century BCE, when a man called Thespis (hence the use of the term "thespian" for "actor") first added spoken parts to traditional choral and dance performances. Actors wearing masks performed outdoors at festivals in honour of Dionysos, the god of theatre, often to crowds of 12,000 or more. Nearly all Greek religious sites had a theatre used for these festivals; the first stone theatre to be built in Ancient Greece was the Theatre of Dionysos in Athens. It was cut into the cliff face south of the Acropolis between 342 and 326 BCE, a replacement by the Athenian statesman Lykourgos of an earlier structure built of wood and earth. (What can be seen in Athens today are in fact the remains of a later rebuilding by the Romans — a much enlarged structure.)

Greek theatres were originally made up of three main parts: the ορχήστρα (orchestra), originally a circular performance space around the altar, later a (sometimes semi-circular) space in which the chorus danced and the actors performed; the κοίλον or θέατρον, the tiers of seats around the orchestra, with access from above; the προσκήνιον (proscenium), backdrop and stage (this was the part of the theatre to undergo most changes over the centuries).

Elizabethan theatres

Elizabethan plays were mainly performed publicly in four types of venue (performances were also given in private houses and gardens): the yards of inns, open-air amphitheatres, and purpose-built playhouses. The earliest of these were the inn yards, whose layout influenced the playhouses (and the dramatic structure of many plays), and which were themselves sometimes converted into playhouses. Amphitheatres were used in the Summer, acting troupes moving to indoor venues in the Winter.

The nineteenth century

By the ninetenth century, the proscenium arch theatre had become dominant. In this design the audience sits directly facing the playing area, which is separated from the audience by an arched frame. A curtain can generally be drawn across the stage, facilitating scene changes. The nineteenth century saw an increasing range of theatrical effects as lighting, mechanical effects and scenic design became more sophisticated.

See also

• Cinema (American English "movie theater")

External links

• Architecture around the World
  • "Classical Greek Architecture"
  • "Theatre of Dionysus and Odeon of Herodus Atticus"
• Didaskalia — electronic journal and resource dedicated to the study of ancient Greek and Roman drama in performance
• Elizabethan Theatres, Playhouses, and Inn-Yards
• "Glossary of Technical Theatre terms" — from Theatrecrafts.com