Scarborough Castle/Timelines

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A timeline (or several) relating to Scarborough Castle.

Click on dates for sections of the main article

Date Event
c.900-500 BCE Possible Iron Age settlements and hill fort
c.500 BCE Bronze Age; sword unearthed at the Castle dates from this time
Fourth century CE Roman signal station established
c.1000 Anglo-Saxon chapel built
1066 Possible settlement at Scarborough destroyed by Harald Hardrada using bonfire at the later Castle site
1138 William le Gros, 1st Earl of Albemarle builds a wooden castle at the site
c.1157 Henry II of England begins building a new stone castle, possible after demolishing William's
1159 Work begins on the castle keep
1169 Keep completed
1179 William le Gros dies
1202 King John upgrades the castle with a new curtain wall; builds the 'King's Chambers'
1212 Most upgrades complete; keep roof repaired
1237 Storm damages keep roof
1243-1244 New barbican gateway building begins under the orders of Henry III
c.1250s Governorship of Geoffrey de Neville; corruption and natural wear lead to decline of Castle
c.1270s Governorship of William de Percy; garrison imposes illegal tolls on the townsfolk, steals pigs
1275 Edward I holds court at the Castle
1280 Edward I's second court at Scarborough Castle
1311 Edward II imprisons Scottish enemies at the Castle
1312 Piers Gaveston awarded governorship of the Castle by Edward II and besieged by barons; town's royal priviliges revoked following Gaveston's murder
1318-1635 Hundred Years War: Scarborough, a centre of the wool trade, attacked several times
1318 Castle sacked and burnt by Robert the Bruce and Sir James Douglas
1343 Barbican completed
1424-1429 Henry VI orders major repairs to the Castle
1536 Pilgrimage of Grace: Robert Aske's forces unsuccessfully try to take the Castle
April 1557 Thomas Wyatt the younger's forces take the castle disguised as peasants; Thomas Stafford executed on Tower Hill after holding the Castle for three days
1569 Castle garrisoned against a predicted Scottish invasion during the Rising of the North; attack never comes
1642-1651 English Civil War: Scarborough sides with the Royalists
March 1643 Castle garrison led by Sir Hugh Cholmley; briefly loses the Castle to his cousin, Captain Browne Bushell
August 1644 Parliamentary forces reach Scarborough following Royalist defeat at Marston Moor and the fall of York; Cholmley stalls with surrender negotiations
18th February 1645 First siege of the Castle by Parliamentary forces begins
1st May 1645 Parliamentarians' Committee of Both Kingdoms orders that the Castle be taken at all costs
25th July 1645 Castle garrison surrenders following five-month siege that sees the keep partially destroyed
27th July 1648 New castle garrison goes over to the Royalist side
19th December 1648 Second siege brings Castle back under Parliamentary control; later used as a prison
April 1665 - September 1666 Imprisonment of George Fox, founder of the Quakers
1745-1746 Castle refortified during the Jacobite Rebellion; keep used to store gunpowder
1748 Master Gunners's House built as accommodation
1779 Scarborians watch a sea battle from Castle Hill between American and British ships during the American Revolutionary War
1796 French prisoners held at the Castle during the Napoleonic Wars; permanent garrison stationed at the castle until the mid-nineteenth century
16th December 1914 Keep damaged by German warships during the Bombardment of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool; barracks later demolished due to damage from shelling
1920 Castle taken into public ownership by the Ministry of Works
1980 Bronze Age sword unearthed from the site; this can be seen in the Castle's exhibition
1984 English Heritage awarded the site