Pope John Paul II
Karol Wojtyla, also known as Pope John Paul II, (18 May 1920–2 April 2005) was elected Pope on October 16, 1978.
Background
Karol Wojtyla was born on May 18, 1920 in Wadowice, Poland. Quite early Karol believed God was calling him for priesthood. During the German occupation of Poland, he studied secretly. On the November 1, 1946, he was ordained to the priesthood. Only two years later, he earned a doctorate in theology at the Angelicum in Rome.
From 1948 till 1951, he served as a parish priest in Poland's Krakow diocese. Pope Pius XII appointed Wojtyla an auxiliary bishop in Krakow on July 4, 1958, and Pope Paul VI appointed him Archbishop of Krakow on December 30, 1963. In the period between he studied, and became a professor. In 1967, the Pope elevated him to Cardinal.
Before becoming Pope, Wojtyla had been the professor of ethics at the Catholic University of Lublin
As Pope
On October 16, 1978, Wojtyla was elected to succeed Pope John Paul I. In order to make clear he wanted to continue the innovations of his predecessor, he chose the name John Paul II. his was election was unique, in that he was the first Polish pope, the first non-Italian pope since Pope Adrian VI in 1522, and, at 58 years of age, the youngest pope in more then a hundred years. In 1981, he was shot, but survived. He had to spend two and a half months in hospital, but he fully recovered from his wounds. in 1983, two days after Christmas, he went to his would-be-assassin and had a conversation with him, in which he gave him forgiveness. Karol liked many sports, such as snowboarding and skiing. He also travelled a lot, and he was a outspoken in his opposition to Communism. He also spoke at length of the need for dialogue between different beliefs.
After a long period of illness with Parkinson's disease, he died on April 2, 2005. Papal spokesman Joaquin Navarro-Valls announced his death in this way:
"The Holy Father died this evening at 9:37 p.m. (2:37 p.m. ET) in his private apartment. All the procedures outlined in the apostolic Constitution 'Universi Dominici Gregis' that was written by John Paul II on Feb. 22, 1996, have been put in motion."
Theology and teachings
Before becoming Pope, Wojtyla's philosophical background was eclectic: he combined the traditional Thomism with the ideas of phenomenology. His second dissertation was on the work of Max Scheler, a student of Edmund Husserl (his first was on John of the Cross).