Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine/Related Articles

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• 1984 (year) [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Acetylcholine [r]: A chemical transmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms including humans. ^[e]
• Alfred Nobel [r]: (October 21, 1833, Stockholm, Sweden – December 10, 1896, Sanremo, Italy) A Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite. ^[e]
• Anemia [r]: A condition characterized by insufficient circulating and effective hemoglobin in blood to support normal physiology. ^[e]
• Australia [r]: Continent in the Southern Hemisphere and the federal parliamentary nation that occupies it. ^[e]
• Austria [r]: Federal republic in central Europe (population c. 8.2 million; capital Vienna), bordered to the north by Germany and the Czech Republic; to the south by Italy and Slovenia; to the west by Switzerland and Liechtenstein; and to the east by Hungary and Slovakia. ^[e]
• Barbara McClintock [r]: (1902 – 1992) - American cytogeneticist who won a Nobel Prize in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition. ^[e]
• Chemistry [r]: The science of matter, or of the electrical or electrostatical interactions of matter. ^[e]
• Citric acid cycle [r]: A series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ^[e]
• DDT [r]: An organochlorine pesticide that is very effective at killing mosquitoes and was used effectively in the fight against malaria. ^[e]
• DNA [r]: A macromolecule — chemically, a nucleic acid — that stores genetic information. ^[e]
• Epinephrine [r]: A hormone (adrenalin) adrenergic systems-stimulator used in asthma and cardiac failure. ^[e]
• Eukaryote [r]: An organism that is composed of one or more cells containing cell nuclei. ^[e]
• France [r]: Western European republic (population c. 64.1 million; capital Paris) extending across Europe from the English Channel in the north-west to the Mediterranean in the south-east; bounded by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra and Spain; founding member of the European Union. Colonial power in Southeast Asia until 1954. ^[e]
• Francis Crick [r]: (1916-2004) British Nobel Prize-winning biochemist; co-discoverer of the helical structure of DNA. ^[e]
• Gene [r]: The functional unit of heredity. ^[e]
• Glucose [r]: A monosaccharide (or simple sugar) and an important carbohydrate in biology, used by the living cell as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. ^[e]
• Glycogen [r]: Polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals and occurs primarily in the liver and muscle tissue. ^[e]
• Helicobacter pylori [r]: Gram-negative, urease-positive, microaerophilic bacterium that can inhabit various areas of the stomach and duodenum, and is strongly linked to the development of duodenal and gastric ulcers and stomach cancer. ^[e]
• History of neuroimaging [r]: The development of techniques allowing to visualize brain structure and function. ^[e]
• Horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes [r]: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT; also called lateral gene transfer, LGT) is defined as movement of genes between different species, or across broad taxonomic categories. Prokaryotes are cells, such as bacteria, that do not have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrae. Their DNA is in a region of the cell called the nucleiod, or nucleus-like material. ^[e]
• Insecticide [r]: A pesticide used against insects, in agriculture, medicine, industry and the household. ^[e]
• Intron [r]: Non-coding sequence of nucleic acid that is between the expressed sequences (exons) in a gene. ^[e]
• Ion channel [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Julius Axelrod [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Koch's postulates [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Maize [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Malaria [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Mutation [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Nobel Prize [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Peptic ulcer disease [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Portugal [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Prion [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Prostate cancer [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Protein [r]: Add brief definition or description
• RNA interference [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Restriction enzyme [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Stem cell [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Streptomycin [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Tuberculosis [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Vitamin K [r]: Add brief definition or description