Latin language: Difference between revisions
imported>Stefan Olejniczak (in this context, it is more accurate to talk about the different forms of Vulgar Latin) |
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'''Latin''' is an [[Italic languages|Italic language]] of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family and was a major medium of [[communication]] in [[Europe]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] during the ascendancy of the [[Roman Empire]]. After the Empire had ended, the use of the classical literary language declined, while the everyday variants of the language, known as [[Vulgar Latin]], were undergoing the changes which would eventually transform them into Latin's successor languages: the [[Romance languages]]. In the western half of the former Empire, Latin persisted as the language of high culture, religion and scholarship through the [[Renaissance]], and to some extent even into the nineteenth century. | '''Latin''' is an [[Italic languages|Italic language]] of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family and was a major medium of [[communication]] in [[Europe]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] during the ascendancy of the [[Roman Empire]]. After the Empire had ended, the use of the classical literary language declined, while the everyday variants of the language, known as [[Vulgar Latin]], were undergoing the changes which would eventually transform them into Latin's successor languages: the [[Romance languages]]. In the western half of the former Empire, Latin persisted as the language of high culture, religion and scholarship through the [[Renaissance]], and to some extent even into the nineteenth century. | ||
The influence of Latin can be widely detected in modern life. The [[Romance languages]] ([[Galician-Portuguese language|Galician-Portuguese]], [[Asturian-Leonese language|Asturian-Leonese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Francoprovençal language|Francoprovençal]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]], [[Ladin language|Ladin]], [[Friulian language|Friulian]], [[Northern Italian language|Northern Italian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Mozarabic language|Mozarabic]] and [[Dalmatian language|Dalmatian]]) are descended from Latin, and the [[English language]], having borrowed from these, especially from [[Norman French]] and Latin itself, similarly has a highly Latinate vocabulary. Knowledge of Latin roots can therefore provide the lay person with clues as to the meanings of terms in the Romance languages. Latin terminology is still used in the [[science]]s, particularly in [[medicine]], as well as in [[law]]. Until the middle of the 20th century, when the [[Second Vatican Council]] opened the door for the performance of the liturgy in the vernacular, Latin was the sole liturgical language of the Western rite (the vast majority) of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. | The influence of Latin can be widely detected in modern life. The [[Romance languages]] ([[Galician-Portuguese language|Galician-Portuguese]], [[Asturian-Leonese language|Asturian-Leonese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Francoprovençal language|Francoprovençal]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]], [[Ladin language|Ladin]], [[Friulian language|Friulian]], [[Northern Italian language|Northern Italian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Mozarabic language|Mozarabic]] and [[Dalmatian language|Dalmatian]]) are descended from Latin, and the [[English language]], having borrowed from these, especially from [[Norman French]] and Latin itself, similarly has a highly Latinate vocabulary. Knowledge of Latin roots can therefore provide the lay person with clues as to the meanings of terms in the Romance languages. Latin terminology is still used in the [[science]]s, particularly in [[medicine]], as well as in [[law]]. Until the middle of the 20th century, when the [[Second Vatican Council]] opened the door for the performance of the liturgy in the vernacular, Latin was the sole liturgical language of the Western rite (the vast majority) of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. It is till in some liturgical use, and Vatican official documents are regularly issued in Latin as primary version. | ||
Latin is a highly [[synthetic language]], using many [[affixation|suffix]]es to indicate concerns such as [[formality]] as well as [[grammatical category|grammatical categories]] (i.e. [[grammatical number |number]], [[gender (linguistics)|gender]], [[possession (linguistics)|possession]] and [[tense (linguistics)|tense]]). Adding these endings is called [[conjugation|conjugating]] for [[verb]]s and [[declension|declining]] for [[noun]]s and [[adjective]]s. | Latin is a highly [[synthetic language]], using many [[affixation|suffix]]es to indicate concerns such as [[formality]] as well as [[grammatical category|grammatical categories]] (i.e. [[grammatical number |number]], [[gender (linguistics)|gender]], [[possession (linguistics)|possession]] and [[tense (linguistics)|tense]]). Adding these endings is called [[conjugation|conjugating]] for [[verb]]s and [[declension|declining]] for [[noun]]s and [[adjective]]s. | ||
Revision as of 09:06, 27 April 2011
Latin is an Italic language of the Indo-European family and was a major medium of communication in Europe and the Mediterranean during the ascendancy of the Roman Empire. After the Empire had ended, the use of the classical literary language declined, while the everyday variants of the language, known as Vulgar Latin, were undergoing the changes which would eventually transform them into Latin's successor languages: the Romance languages. In the western half of the former Empire, Latin persisted as the language of high culture, religion and scholarship through the Renaissance, and to some extent even into the nineteenth century.
The influence of Latin can be widely detected in modern life. The Romance languages (Galician-Portuguese, Asturian-Leonese, Spanish, Aragonese, Catalan, Occitan, French, Francoprovençal, Romansh, Ladin, Friulian, Northern Italian, Italian, Corsican, Sardinian, Romanian, Mozarabic and Dalmatian) are descended from Latin, and the English language, having borrowed from these, especially from Norman French and Latin itself, similarly has a highly Latinate vocabulary. Knowledge of Latin roots can therefore provide the lay person with clues as to the meanings of terms in the Romance languages. Latin terminology is still used in the sciences, particularly in medicine, as well as in law. Until the middle of the 20th century, when the Second Vatican Council opened the door for the performance of the liturgy in the vernacular, Latin was the sole liturgical language of the Western rite (the vast majority) of the Roman Catholic Church. It is till in some liturgical use, and Vatican official documents are regularly issued in Latin as primary version.
Latin is a highly synthetic language, using many suffixes to indicate concerns such as formality as well as grammatical categories (i.e. number, gender, possession and tense). Adding these endings is called conjugating for verbs and declining for nouns and adjectives.