International Phonetic Alphabet

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The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is the alphabet that shows pronunciation. It is based on the English alphabet.

Key to IPA representation of English sounds

A guide to English sounds, in a sort of alphabetical order:

  • ɑ as 'a' in 'father', or British English 'fast', or 'o' in American English 'not'
  • æ as in 'cat', or AmE 'fast'
  • as 'i' in 'time'
  • as 'ow' in 'now'
  • ɒ as in BrE 'not'
  • ʌ as 'u' in 'up'
  • b as in 'be'
  • d as in 'do'
  • as 'j' in 'just', or 'g' in 'gene'
  • ð as 'th' in 'this'
  • as 'ei' in 'vein' or 'ai' in 'vain'
  • as 'ai' in 'hair'
  • ə as 'a' in 'about', or 'e' in 'open'
  • əʊ as 'o' in 'go'
  • ɛ as 'e' in 'get'
  • ɜ as 'e' in 'her', 'i' in 'fir', or 'u' in 'fur'
  • f as in 'for'
  • g as in 'go'
  • h as in 'he'
  • i as in 'machine', or 'ee' in 'see'
  • ɪ as in 'it'
  • ɪə as 'ea' in 'fear'
  • j as 'y' in 'you'
  • k as in 'kiss', or 'c' in 'cat'
  • l as in 'like'
  • m as in 'me'
  • n as in 'no'
  • ɔ as 'o' in 'or', or 'aw' in 'awful'
  • ɔɪ as 'oi' in 'coin'
  • θ as in 'think'
  • p as in 'pip'
  • r as in 'right'
  • s as in 'sit', or 'c' in 'nice'
  • t as in 'tell'
  • as 'ch' in 'choose'
  • u as in 'true', or 'oo' in 'food'
  • ʊ as 'u' in 'put' or 'oo' in 'foot'
  • ʊə as 'ure' in BrE 'pure'
  • v as in 'very'
  • w as in 'we'
  • z as in 'zoo' or 's' in 'these'
  • ʒ as 's' in 'vision'