Geopolitics: Difference between revisions
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'''Geopolitics''' is an interdisciplinary field studies, and is used to influence, of the relationships among human beings and their geography, their government, their history, and the natural world. The term was introduced by the German military officer and academic, [[Karl Haushofer]], but acquired connotations of being a "Nazi science", and was generally ignored after [[World War II]] until <ref name=Herwig>{{citation | |||
| title = The Daemon of Geopolitics: Karl Haushofer, and Adolf Hitler | |||
| author = Holger H. Herwig | |||
| url = http://www.usafa.edu/df/dfh/docs/Harmon53.doc}}</ref> | |||
==Haushofer and Germany== | |||
==The science that cannot speak its name== | |||
Studies of, and operational models for, global politics certainly continued, such as the [[containment policy]] described, internally to government, by [{George Kennan]] in 1946, ib what has become known as the "Long Telegram" <ref name=LT>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/documents/episode-1/kennan.htm | |||
| author = George Kennan | |||
| title = (Telegram) The Charge in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Secretary of State | |||
| date = February 22, 1946}}</ref> Kennan, in 1947, wrote an article for the influential journal, ''Foreign Affairs'', under the pseudonym "X". What became known as the "X Article", titled "The Sources of Soviet Conduct".<ref name=Xarticle>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19470701faessay25403/x/the-sources-of-soviet-conduct.html | |||
| date = July 1947 | |||
| journal = Foreign Affairs | |||
| title = The Sources of Soviet Conduct | |||
| author = "X" (pseudonym for George Kennan)}}</ref> | |||
[[Henry Kissinger]] certainly had a geopolitical model in mind when moving to [[detente]] with the Soviets, and then the opening with China. Kissinger certainly used geopolitical arguments, going back to his senior thesis, "The Meaning of History: Reflections on [[Oswald Spengler|Spengler]], [[Arnold Toynbee|Toynbee]] and [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]." He continued his thoughts in a doctoral dissertation and book, ''A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 1812-22''. It emphasized a [[balance of power]] system, which became the school of [[realism (foreign policy)]].<ref name=AWR>{{citation | |||
|title = A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822 | |||
| author = [[Henry Kissinger]] | |||
| publisher = Mariner Books | year = 1973 | |||
| ISBN-10= 0395172292}}</ref> | |||
European federalism serves as a regional geopolitical model that affects the world. | |||
The fall of the Soviet Union had immense geopolitical ramifications. | |||
==New respectability== | |||
The term gained respectability in 1999, whe two British academics, Colin Gray and Geoffrey Sloan, published a scholarly investigation, ''Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy''.<ref name=Herwig/> | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
Revision as of 18:12, 10 January 2011
Geopolitics is an interdisciplinary field studies, and is used to influence, of the relationships among human beings and their geography, their government, their history, and the natural world. The term was introduced by the German military officer and academic, Karl Haushofer, but acquired connotations of being a "Nazi science", and was generally ignored after World War II until [1]
Haushofer and Germany
The science that cannot speak its name
Studies of, and operational models for, global politics certainly continued, such as the containment policy described, internally to government, by [{George Kennan]] in 1946, ib what has become known as the "Long Telegram" [2] Kennan, in 1947, wrote an article for the influential journal, Foreign Affairs, under the pseudonym "X". What became known as the "X Article", titled "The Sources of Soviet Conduct".[3]
Henry Kissinger certainly had a geopolitical model in mind when moving to detente with the Soviets, and then the opening with China. Kissinger certainly used geopolitical arguments, going back to his senior thesis, "The Meaning of History: Reflections on Spengler, Toynbee and Kant." He continued his thoughts in a doctoral dissertation and book, A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 1812-22. It emphasized a balance of power system, which became the school of realism (foreign policy).[4]
European federalism serves as a regional geopolitical model that affects the world.
The fall of the Soviet Union had immense geopolitical ramifications.
New respectability
The term gained respectability in 1999, whe two British academics, Colin Gray and Geoffrey Sloan, published a scholarly investigation, Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Holger H. Herwig, The Daemon of Geopolitics: Karl Haushofer, and Adolf Hitler
- ↑ George Kennan (February 22, 1946), (Telegram) The Charge in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Secretary of State
- ↑ "X" (pseudonym for George Kennan) (July 1947), "The Sources of Soviet Conduct", Foreign Affairs
- ↑ Henry Kissinger (1973), A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822, Mariner Books