Europe/Timelines

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Revision as of 12:15, 30 December 2010 by imported>Nick Gardner (→‎The European heritage)
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A timeline (or several) relating to Europe.

The European heritage

Ancient Greece
The Roman Empire (~756 BC to 476 AD)
Christendom
The creation of the Holy Roman Empire (800 AD)
- the Pope confers the title of Emperor on Charlemagne (Charles I, King of the Franks)
The Enlightenment (18th century)
- a European intellectual movement that gave priority to the power of reason over the claims of authority (influenced by the writings of Denis Diderot, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and others.)

The formation of nation states

1648: Treaty of Westphalia
- created the Wesphalian System of European sovereign states[1].
1713: Treaty of Utrecht
- separates France from Spain; cedes the Spanish Netherlands to Austria; cedes Gibraltar and parts of Canada to Britain
~1750 The Industrial Revolution begins.
- the transition from a predominantly agricultural to a predominately industrial economy that started in Britain with the development of the steam engine.
1789: French Revolution
1806: Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and formation of the Federation of the Rhine.
1815: Congress of Vienna
- redefined the territorial map of Europe following the defeat of Napoleon; including the creation of the Confederation of Germany
1914-18 First World War
1917: October Revolution
- the seizure of power by Lenin's Bolshevics, from the provisional government that had been formed by the revolutionary uprising of of February 1917.
1918: The collapse of Austro-Hungary, and the proclamation of the separate republics of Austria and Hungary.
1919: Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920)
- concluded the treaties of Versailles (with Germany), St Germain (with Austria), Trianon (with Hungary), Neuilly (with Bulgaria), Sèvres and Lausanne (with Turkey).
1939-45 Second World War
1945: Partition of Germany
1946: Paris Peace Conference (1946-1947)
- concluded peace treaties with Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Rumania and Italy.

The formation of a union of nation states

1949: Treaty of London
- created the Council of Europe
1957: Treaty of Rome
1973: Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall
1990: German reunification
1991: Collapse of the Soviet Union
1992: Treaty of Maastricht
1994: Opening of the Channel tunnel
1997: Treaty of Amsterdam
2009: Treaty of Lisbon