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Heads of state and Heads of government
- Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- Charles Tupper, Prime Minister of Canada
- Julius Nyerere, first President of Tanzania
- Yun Po Sun, President of South Korea
- Hastings Banda, President of Malawi
- William Walker, President of Nicaragua
- Arthur St. Clair, President of the Continental Congress
- Thomas Anderson discoverer of pyridine
- Charles Darwin, biologist
- John Davy, discover of phosgene
- James Dewar, inventor of the Dewar flask
- James Hutton, the father of modern geology
- Sir Michael Atiyah, mathematician, winner of Abel Prize, (Maths' equivalent of the Nobel Prize)
- Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone
- Joseph Black, physicist and chemist
- Fleeming Jenkin, engineer, inventor of telpherage
- Colin Maclaurin, mathematician
- James Clerk Maxwell, physicist and father of electromagnetics
- John Playfair, mathematician
- Richard Owen, biologist and palaeontologist
Nobel Laureates
The University is associated with nine Nobel Prize winners (Source: http://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/postgraduate/edinburgh/alumni.html)
- Edward Victor Appleton, Nobel laureate in Physics
- Charles Glover Barkla, Nobel laureate in Physics
- Max Born, Nobel laureate in Physics
- Peter Doherty, Nobel laureate in Medicine
- James Mirrlees, Nobel laureate in Economics
- Peter D. Mitchell,Nobel laureate in Chemistry
- Igor Tamm, Nobel laureate in Physics
- Robert Adam, architect
- Thomas Aikenhead atheist martyr
- J. M. Barrie, Peter Pan author
- James Boswell, lawyer, author and biographer of Samuel Johnson
- Thomas Carlyle, essayist and historian
- Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes author
- Ian Rankin, author
- Peter Roget, author of the first Thesaurus
- Sir Walter Scott, author and poet
- Alexander McCall Smith, author and professor of medical law
- Robert Louis Stevenson, poet, essayist and novelist
- Elizabeth Blackadder, artist
- Adam Ferguson, philosopher and historian
- David Hume, philosopher and historian
- Adam Smith, political economist and philosopher
- A.S. Neill, educationalist
- Lord Swann, Chairman BBC
Sports
- Chris Hoy, track cyclist
- Andy Irvine (rugby player), rugby player and president of the Scottish Rugby Union
- Eric Liddell, athlete men's 400 metres gold medallist
University Officials
- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, The Chancellor of the University (1953-present)
- Sir Alexander Fleming, Former Rector of the University (1951-1953)
- The Rt Hon Sir Winston Churchill, Former Rector of the University (1929-1932)
- The Rt Hon David Lloyd George, Former Rector of the University (1920-1923)