Dietary fiber: Difference between revisions

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==Classification==
==Classification==
{{Image|Grain.gif|right|350px|Diagram of a grain.}}
===Soluble fiber===
===Soluble fiber===
Soluble fiber is viscous.
Soluble fiber is viscous. It is in oats, oat ß-glucan, psyllium (ispaghula), barley, soybeans, dried beans and peas, and citrus.<ref name="urlNutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine">{{cite web |url=http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/fiber.html |title=Nutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= |accessdate=}}</ref> Soluble fiber may affect cholesterol absorption more than insoluble fiber does.<ref name="urlWhole Grains and Fiber">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4574 |title=Whole Grains and Fiber |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisherAmerican Heart Association= |pages= |language=English |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref>


===Insoluble fiber===
===Insoluble fiber===
Insoluble fiber is not viscous.
Insoluble fiber is not viscous. Insoluble fiber may bind water and thus reduces transit time in the colon. It is in whole wheat and many vegetables.<ref name="urlNutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine"/>


==Medical uses==
==Medical uses==
Consuming dietary fiber, especially the bran, may reduce the risk of [[diabetes mellitus type 2]].<ref name="pmid17760498">{{cite journal |author=de Munter JS, Hu FB, Spiegelman D, Franz M, van Dam RM |title=Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=e261 |year=2007 |month=August |pmid=17760498 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261 |url=http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261 |issn=}}</ref>
Consuming dietary fiber, especially the bran, may reduce the risk of [[diabetes mellitus type 2]].<ref name="pmid17760498">{{cite journal |author=de Munter JS, Hu FB, Spiegelman D, Franz M, van Dam RM |title=Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=e261 |year=2007 |month=August |pmid=17760498 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261 |url=http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261 |issn=}}</ref>


Consuming dietary fiber may reduce the risk of [[colorectal cancer]], especially in men.<ref name="pmid17557210">{{cite journal |author=Nomura AM, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, ''et al'' |title=Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study |journal=Cancer Causes Control |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=753–64 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17557210 |doi=10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16469993">{{cite journal |author=Jacobs ET, Lanza E, Alberts DS, ''et al'' |title=Fiber, sex, and colorectal adenoma: results of a pooled analysis |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=343–9 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16469993 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16469993 |issn=}}</ref>
Consuming dietary fiber may reduce the risk of [[colorectal cancer]], especially in men.<ref name="pmid17557210">{{cite journal |author=Nomura AM, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, ''et al'' |title=Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study |journal=Cancer Causes Control |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=753–64 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17557210 |doi=10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16469993">{{cite journal |author=Jacobs ET, Lanza E, Alberts DS, ''et al'' |title=Fiber, sex, and colorectal adenoma: results of a pooled analysis |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=343–9 |year=2006 |month=February |pmid=16469993 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16469993 |issn=}}</ref> However, this association is not consistent and not confirmed.<ref name="pmid16352792">{{cite journal |author=Park Y, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, ''et al'' |title=Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies |journal=JAMA |volume=294 |issue=22 |pages=2849–57 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16352792 |doi=10.1001/jama.294.22.2849 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16352792 |issn=}}</ref>


Consuming dietary fiber may treat [[irritable bowel syndrome]]<ref name="pmid14645642">{{cite journal |author=Mertz HR |title=Irritable bowel syndrome |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=22 |pages=2136–46 |year=2003 |month=November |pmid=14645642 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra035579 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14645642&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, chronic [[constipation]]<ref name="pmid14523145">{{cite journal |author=Lembo A, Camilleri M |title=Chronic constipation |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=14 |pages=1360–8 |year=2003 |month=October |pmid=14523145 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra020995 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14523145&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, and [[hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="pmid15867412">{{cite journal |author=Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A |title=Diet and cholesterol reduction |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=142 |issue=9 |pages=793–5 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15867412 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=reprint&pmid=15867412 |issn=}}</ref>.
Consuming fiber, especially soluble fiber<ref name="pmid25070054">{{cite journal| author=Moayyedi P, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR et al.| title=The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2014 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=25070054 | doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.195 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25070054  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14984370">{{cite journal |author=Bijkerk CJ, Muris JW, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW, de Wit NJ |title=Systematic review: the role of different types of fibre in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=245–51 |year=2004 |month=February |pmid=14984370 |doi= |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0269-2813&date=2004&volume=19&issue=3&spage=245 |issn=}}</ref> with psyllium being better than bran<ref>(2008) Brit Med J. PMID 19008265</ref>, may treat [[irritable bowel syndrome]]<ref name="pmid14645642">{{cite journal |author=Mertz HR |title=Irritable bowel syndrome |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=22 |pages=2136–46 |year=2003 |month=November |pmid=14645642 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra035579 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14645642&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, chronic [[constipation]]<ref name="pmid14523145">{{cite journal |author=Lembo A, Camilleri M |title=Chronic constipation |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=349 |issue=14 |pages=1360–8 |year=2003 |month=October |pmid=14523145 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra020995 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=14523145&promo=ONFLNS19 |issn=}}</ref>, and [[hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="pmid15867412">{{cite journal |author=Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A |title=Diet and cholesterol reduction |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=142 |issue=9 |pages=793–5 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15867412 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/142/9/793 |issn=}}</ref>.


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

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Dietary fiber is the "remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins."[1]

Classification

Diagram of a grain.

Soluble fiber

Soluble fiber is viscous. It is in oats, oat ß-glucan, psyllium (ispaghula), barley, soybeans, dried beans and peas, and citrus.[2] Soluble fiber may affect cholesterol absorption more than insoluble fiber does.[3]

Insoluble fiber

Insoluble fiber is not viscous. Insoluble fiber may bind water and thus reduces transit time in the colon. It is in whole wheat and many vegetables.[2]

Medical uses

Consuming dietary fiber, especially the bran, may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2.[4]

Consuming dietary fiber may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, especially in men.[5][6] However, this association is not consistent and not confirmed.[7]

Consuming fiber, especially soluble fiber[8][9] with psyllium being better than bran[10], may treat irritable bowel syndrome[11], chronic constipation[12], and hypercholesterolemia[13].

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Dietary fiber (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nutrition Fact Sheet: Dietary Fiber, Nutrition, Feinberg School of Medicine.
  3. ↑ Whole Grains and Fiber (English). Retrieved on 2010-06-01.
  4. ↑ de Munter JS, Hu FB, Spiegelman D, Franz M, van Dam RM (August 2007). "Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review". PLoS Med. 4 (8): e261. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261. PMID 17760498. Research Blogging.
  5. ↑ Nomura AM, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, et al (September 2007). "Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study". Cancer Causes Control 18 (7): 753–64. DOI:10.1007/s10552-007-9018-4. PMID 17557210. Research Blogging.
  6. ↑ Jacobs ET, Lanza E, Alberts DS, et al (February 2006). "Fiber, sex, and colorectal adenoma: results of a pooled analysis". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83 (2): 343–9. PMID 16469993. [e]
  7. ↑ Park Y, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, et al (December 2005). "Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies". JAMA 294 (22): 2849–57. DOI:10.1001/jama.294.22.2849. PMID 16352792. Research Blogging.
  8. ↑ Moayyedi P, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR et al. (2014). "The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.". Am J Gastroenterol. DOI:10.1038/ajg.2014.195. PMID 25070054. Research Blogging.
  9. ↑ Bijkerk CJ, Muris JW, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW, de Wit NJ (February 2004). "Systematic review: the role of different types of fibre in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 19 (3): 245–51. PMID 14984370. [e]
  10. ↑ (2008) Brit Med J. PMID 19008265
  11. ↑ Mertz HR (November 2003). "Irritable bowel syndrome". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (22): 2136–46. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra035579. PMID 14645642. Research Blogging.
  12. ↑ Lembo A, Camilleri M (October 2003). "Chronic constipation". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (14): 1360–8. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra020995. PMID 14523145. Research Blogging.
  13. ↑ Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A (May 2005). "Diet and cholesterol reduction". Ann. Intern. Med. 142 (9): 793–5. PMID 15867412. [e]
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