Coronary artery bypass
In medicine, coronary artery bypass is a form of myocardial revascularization that is a "surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.'[1]
Technique
Use of the left internal mammary artery for a source improves outcomes.[2] Use of a radial artery for a source may improve outcomes.[3]
Effectiveness
Patient who have a left ventricular ejection fraction between 35 and 49 percent benefit from coronary artery bypass surgery if they have disease of three coronary arteries.[4].
Coronary artery bypass is more effective than percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for myocardial revascularization of coronary heart disease[5], especially for patients with diabetes who have stenosis of three coronary arteries.[6] Angioplasty did not include stents in this study.
| Trial | results |
|---|---|
| Veterans Administration cooperative study 1977 686 patients[7] |
3 year survival was 87% of the medical group and 88% of the surgical group. No significant difference. |
| Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) 1984 780 patients[4] |
The 5 year survival 92% with medical therapy and 95% with surgery (not significant). "The likelihood of nonfatal Q-wave myocardial infarction was 11 and 14 per cent, respectively (not significant). The five-year probability of remaining alive and free of infarction was 82 per cent in the patients assigned to medical therapy and 83 per cent in the patients assigned to surgery (not significant)." |
| European Coronary Surgery Study 1988 767 patients[8] |
5 year survival was 92% with surgery and 83% with medical therapy. |
| Pooled results[9] | Surgery fared better except for patients with one or two vessel disease with neither vessel being the LAD or left main. |
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Coronary artery bypass (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Zeff RH, Kongtahworn C, Iannone LA, et al (May 1988). "Internal mammary artery versus saphenous vein graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery: prospective randomized study with 10-year follow-up". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 45 (5): 533–6. PMID 3259128. [e]
- ↑ Desai, Nimesh D.; Eric A. Cohen, C. David Naylor, Stephen E. Fremes, the Radial Artery Patency Study Investigators (2004-11-25). "A Randomized Comparison of Radial-Artery and Saphenous-Vein Coronary Bypass Grafts". N Engl J Med 351 (22): 2302-2309. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa040982. PMID 15564545. Retrieved on 2009-04-30. Research Blogging.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 (March 1984) "Myocardial infarction and mortality in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) randomized trial". N. Engl. J. Med. 310 (12): 750–8. PMID 6608052. “This is the CASS randomized controlled trial.” [e]
Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pmid6608052" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Bravata DM, Gienger AL, McDonald KM, et al (2007). "Systematic Review: The Comparative Effectiveness of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery". Ann Intern Med. PMID 17938385. [e]
- ↑ (July 1996) "Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease. The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators". N. Engl. J. Med. 335 (4): 217–25. PMID 8657237. [e]
- ↑ Murphy ML, Hultgren HN, Detre K, Thomsen J, Takaro T (September 1977). "Treatment of chronic stable angina. A preliminary report of survival data of the randomized Veterans Administration cooperative study". N. Engl. J. Med. 297 (12): 621–7. PMID 331107. [e]
- ↑ Varnauskas E (August 1988). "Twelve-year follow-up of survival in the randomized European Coronary Surgery Study". N. Engl. J. Med. 319 (6): 332–7. PMID 3260659. [e]
- ↑ Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P, et al (August 1994). "Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration". Lancet 344 (8922): 563–70. PMID 7914958. [e]