Europe/Addendum: Difference between revisions
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|'''[[United Kingdom]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html] | |'''[[United Kingdom]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html] | ||
|[[London]] | |[[London, United Kingdom|London]] | ||
|[[English language|English]] | |[[English language|English]] | ||
|<center>243,610</center> | |<center>243,610</center> |
Latest revision as of 07:31, 20 April 2024
The states of Europe
This list doesn't include the following de facto independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Northern Cyprus, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
state (CIA & EIU links) |
capital | official state language |
area (km²) |
population (2010)[1] |
European Union/ etc member |
eurozone member |
Council of Europe member |
NATO member |
GDP/head 2009 $ [2] |
exports % GDP 2009 [3] |
public debt % GDP 2009 |
unemploy- ment % 2009 |
IMF category [4] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania[2] | Tirana | Albanian | application submitted |
8,373 | 29 | 58 | 12.8 | E[3] | |||||
Andorra | Andorra la Vella | Catalan | 7.0 | ||||||||||
Armenia[4] (edge of Europe) |
Yerevan | Armenian | 12 | 7.1 | E[5] | ||||||||
Austria[6][7] | Vienna | German | 38,363 | 66 | 4.8 | A[8] | |||||||
Azerbaijan [9][10] (edge of Europe) |
Baku | Azeri | 9,638 | 51 | 6.0 | E[11] | |||||||
Belarus[12][13] | Minsk | Belarussian | 13,039 | 51 | 1.0 | E[14] | |||||||
Belgium[15][16] | Brussels | Dutch, French, German |
36,249 | 73 | 101 | 7.9 | A[17] | ||||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina [18][19] |
Sarajevo | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
potential candidate |
€ peg[7] | 8,491 | 33 | 44 | 40 | E[20] | ||||
Bulgaria[21][22] | Sofia | Bulgarian | € peg[7] | 13,332 | 48 | 15 | 9.1 | E[23] | |||||
Croatia[24][25] | Zagreb | Croatian | EU | 19,805 | 36 | 46 | 16 | E[26] | |||||
Cyprus[27] (edge of Europe) |
Nicosia | Greek, Turkish |
52 | 5.3 | A[28] | ||||||||
Czechia[29][30] | Prague | Czech | 25,232 | 70 | 34 | 8.1 | A;[31] | ||||||
Denmark[32][33] | Copenhagen | Danish | € peg[7] | 36,762 | 48 | 42 | 4.3 | A[34] | |||||
Estonia[35][36] | Tallinn | Estonian | 19,451 | 71 | 7 | 13.8 | E[37] | ||||||
Finland[38][39] | Helsinki | Finnish, Swedish |
34,720 | 37 | 40 | 8.2 | A[40] | ||||||
France[41][42] | Paris | French | 33,655 | 23 | 78 | 9.1 | A[43] | ||||||
Georgia[44] (edge of Europe) |
Tbilisi | Georgian | 4,774 | 30 | E[45] | ||||||||
Germany[46][47] | Berlin | German | 36,267 | 41 | 73 | 7.5 | A[48] | ||||||
Greece[49][50] | Athens | Greek | 29,663 | 19 | 113 | 9.4 | A[51] | ||||||
Hungary[52][53] | Budapest | Hungarian | € peg[7] | 19,764 | 78 | 10 | E[54] | ||||||
Iceland[55][56] | Reykjavík | Icelandic | candidate EEA[10] |
37,595 | 53 | 114 | 8.0 | A[57] | |||||
Ireland[58][59] | Dublin | Irish, English |
41,278 | 89 | 65 | 11.8 | A[60] | ||||||
Italy[61][62] | Rome | Italian | 31,909 | 24 | 116 | 7.8 | A[63] | ||||||
Kazakhstan [64][65] (edge of Europe) |
Astana (in Asia) |
Kazakh | 11,509 | 52 | 14 | 6.3 | E[66] | ||||||
Kosovo[67][68] | Priština | Albanian, Serbian |
potential candidate |
41 | 16.6 | [69] | |||||||
Latvia[70][71] | Riga | Latvian | € peg[7] | 15,413 | 42 | 37 | 17 | E[72] | |||||
Liechtenstein[73] | Vaduz | German | EEA[10] | ||||||||||
Lithuania[74][75] | Vilnius | Lithuanian | € peg[7] | 16,747 | 30 | 14 | E[76] | ||||||
Luxembourg[77] | Luxembourg | German/ Luxembourgish, French |
[11] | 169 | 5.7 | A[78] | |||||||
Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)[79] |
Skopje | Macedonian | candidate | 10,823 | 44 | 32 | E[80] | ||||||
Malta[81] (edge of Europe) |
Valletta | Maltese, English |
69 | 7.0 | A[82] | ||||||||
Moldova[83] | Chișinău | Romanian (“Moldovan”) |
2,854 | 37 | 3.1 | E[84] | |||||||
Monaco[85] | (city-sate) | French | |||||||||||
Montenegro[86][87] | Podgorica | Serbian (“Montenegrin”) |
candidate | 13,292 | 33 | 38 | 15 | E[88] | |||||
Netherlands[89][90] | The Hague, Amsterdam |
Dutch | 40,715 | 69 | 61 | 4.5 | A[91] | ||||||
Norway[92][93] | Oslo | Norwegian | EEA[10] |
55,672 | 42 | 50 | 3.2 | A[94] | |||||
Poland[95][96] | Warsaw | Polish | € peg[7] | 19,059 | 39 | 46 | 11 | E[97] | |||||
Portugal[98][99] | Lisbon | Portuguese | 24,569 | 28 | 77 | 9.5 | A[100] | ||||||
Romania[101][102] | Bucharest | Romanian | 14,199 | 33 | 24 | 7.8 | E[103] | ||||||
Russia[104][105] (edge of Europe) |
Moscow | Russian | 18,962 | 28 | 8.4 | E[106] | |||||||
San Marino | City of San Marino |
Italian | |||||||||||
Serbia[107] | Belgrade | Serbian | application submitted |
11,719 | 27 | 31 | 17 | E[108] | |||||
Slovakia[109][110] | Bratislava | Slovakian | 22,356 | 99 | 36 | 11 | A[111] | ||||||
Slovenia[112][113] | Ljubljana | Slovenian | 27,004 | 59 | 31 | 9.2 | A[114] | ||||||
Spain[115][116] | Madrid | Spanish | 32,545 | 23 | 53 | 18 | A[117] | ||||||
Sweden[118][119] | Stockholm | Swedish | 37,905 | 42 | 42 | 8.3 | A[120] | ||||||
Switzerland[121][122] | Bern | German, French, Italian, Romansh |
EFTA[13] | 45,117 | 52 | 41 | 3.7 | A[123] | |||||
Turkey[124][125] (edge of Europe) |
Ankara | Turkish | candidate | 13,885 | 23 | 46 | 14 | E[126] | |||||
Ukraine[127][128] | Kiev | Ukrainian | 6,317 | 46 | 8.8 | A[129] | |||||||
United Kingdom[130] | London | English | 36,496 | 28 | 68 | 7.5 | A[131] | ||||||
Vatican City | (city-state, inside Rome) |
Italian, Latin |
The languages of Europe
The following list presents the current, autochthonous languages of Europe, classified by language families and listed according to scientific surveys[14] (even if some authorities may differ on some points from the tabulation here). Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not listed here. Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.
Basque language
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Basque | Spain, France | Spain (R) | endangered |
Indo-European languages
Celtic languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Irish | Ireland, United Kingdom | Ireland | endangered |
Scottish Gaelic | United Kingdom | United Kingdom (R) | endangered |
Manx | Isle of Man | endangered | |
Welsh (Cymric) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom (R) | endangered |
Cornish | United Kingdom | endangered | |
Breton | France | endangered |
Germanic languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Icelandic | Iceland | Iceland | |
Faroese | Faroe Islands | Faroe Islands (R) | |
Norwegian | Norway | Norway | |
Swedish | Sweden, Finland | Sweden, Finland | |
Danish | Denmark, Sweden | Denmark | (endangered in Sweden) |
English | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Ireland | |
Frisian | Netherlands, Germany | endangered | |
Dutch (Netherlandic) | Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany | Netherlands, Belgium | |
Low German (Low Saxon, Saxon) | Germany, Netherlands | endangered | |
German (High German) | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R) | (endangered in France) |
Yiddish | scattered across Central Europe | endangered |
Romance languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Galician-Portuguese | Portugal, Spain | Portugal, Spain (R) | (endangered in Spain) |
Asturian-Leonese | Spain, Portugal | Portugal (R) | endangered |
Spanish (Castilian) | Spain | Spain | |
Aragonese | Spain | endangered | |
Catalan | Spain, France, Andorra, Italy | Andorra, Spain (R) | endangered |
Occitan (Lenga d'Òc, Provençal) | France, Italy, Spain, Monaco | Spain (R) | endangered |
Francoprovençal (Arpitan) | France, Switzerland, Italy | endangered | |
French (Langue d'Oïl) | France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands | France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco | (endangered in the Channel Islands) |
Romansh | Switzerland | Switzerland | endangered |
Ladin | Italy | endangered | |
Friulian | Italy | endangered | |
Northern Italian (Padanian) | Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia | endangered | |
Italian | Italy | Italy, Switzerland, San Marino | |
Corsican | France, Italy | endangered | |
Sardinian | Italy | endangered | |
Romanian | Romania, Moldova, Balkans | Romania, Moldova |
Baltic languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Latvian | Latvia | Latvia | |
Lithuanian | Lithuania | Lithuania |
Slavic languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Sorbian (Lusatian) | Germany | Germany (R) | endangered |
Kashubian | Poland | endangered | |
Polish | Poland | Poland | |
Czech | Czechia | Czechia | |
Slovakian | Slovakia | Slovakia | |
Belarussian | Belarus, Russia | Belarus | endangered |
Ukrainian | Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia | Ukraine | |
Russian | Russia | Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R) | |
Slovenian | Slovenia, Italy, Austria | Slovenia | (endangered in Italy and Austria) |
Croatian (Serbo-Croatian) | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
Bosnian (Serbo-Croatian) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) (including Montenegrin) | Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia | Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo | |
Macedonian (Slavomacedonian) | Republic of Macedonia, Greece | Republic of Macedonia | (endangered in Greece) |
Bulgarian | Bulgaria, Greece | Bulgaria | (endangered in Greece) |
Albanian
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Albanian | Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece | Albania, Kosovo | (endangered in Greece) |
Greek
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Greek (Hellenic) | Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Turkey | Greece, Albania | (endangered in Albania, Turkey and Northern Cyprus) |
Indo-Iranian languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status)) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Ossetic | Russia, South Ossetia | South Ossetia | endangered |
Zaza | Turkey | endangered | |
Kurdish | Turkey | endangered |
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Romany (Romani, Gypsy, Gipsy) | scattered across Europe | endangered |
Armenian
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Armenian | Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey | Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh | (endangered in Turkey) |
Afro-Asiatic languages
Semitic languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Maltese | Malta | Malta | |
Arabic | Turkey | (endangered in Turkey) | |
Aramaic | Turkey | endangered |
Uralic languages
Finno-Ugric languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Sami (Lappish) | Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia | endangered | |
Finnish (including Karelian) | Finland, Russia, Sweden | Finland | (endangered in Russia and Sweden) |
Estonian | Estonia | Estonia | |
Livonian | Latvia | endangered | |
Veps | Russia | endangered | |
Komi | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Udmurt | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Mari | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Erza | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Moksha | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Hungarian (Magyar) | Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia | Hungary | (endangered in Slovakia, Romania, Austria and Serbia) |
Samoyedic languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Nenets | Russia | endangered |
Altaic languages
Turkic languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Turkish | Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria | Turkey, Cyprus | (endangered in Greece and Bulgaria) |
Gagauz | Moldova, Ukraine | Moldova (R) | endangered |
Chuvash | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Crimean Tatar | Ukraine | endangered | |
Volga Tatar (Kazan Tatar) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Bashkort (Bashkir) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Kumyk | Russia | endangered | |
Karachay-Balkar | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Nogay | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Azeri (Azerbaijani) | Azerbaijan, Iran | Azerbaijan |
Mongolian
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Mongolian (including Kalmyk) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
North Caucasian languages
The unity of the North Caucasian family is debated among specialists.
Northwest Caucasian languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Abkhaz-Abaza | Abkhazia, Russia | Abkhazia | endangered |
Circassian (Adyghe, Kabardian) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Northeast Caucasian languages
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Chechen | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Ingush | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
many languages of Daghestan, including: Bats, Avar, Andi, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Udi, Rutul, etc. | Russia, Azerbaijan | (R) (for some of them) | endangered |
Kartvelian languages (South Caucasian languages)
language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
---|---|---|---|
Georgian | Georgia | Georgia | |
Svan | Georgia | endangered | |
Mingrelian | Georgia | endangered | |
Laz | Turkey, Georgia | endangered |
Footnotes
- ↑ Estimation in 2010 according to The World Factbook (CIA)
- ↑ At purchasing power parity rates[1]
- ↑ Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), World Bank, 2010
- ↑ A = advanced, E = developing and emerging
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Has a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 Schengen agreement member
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Non-member with currency pegged to the euro
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Without overseas regions.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 With overseas regions.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Member of the European Economic Area
- ↑ The published GDP/head figure for Luxembourg is misleading because much of its output if produced by foreign commutors
- ↑ Without Kosovo.
- ↑ Member of the European Free Trade Association (with Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway)
- ↑ See, for example: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa, coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana.