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==The states of Europe==
==The states of Europe==
This list doesn't include the following ''[[de facto]]'' independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: [[Abkhazia]], [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Northern Cyprus]], [[South Ossetia]] and [[Transnistria]].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!state
|<center>1</center>
|<center>2</center>
|<center>3</center>
|<center>4</center>
|<center>5</center>
|<center>6</center>
|<center>7</center>
|<center>8</center>
|<center>9</center>
|<center>10</center>
|<center>11</center>
|<center>12</center>
|<center>13</center>
|<center>14</center>
|-
!state<br><br>
''(CIA & EIU links)''
!capital
!capital
!official<br>state<br>language
!official<br>state<br>language
![[European Union|European<br>Union]]<br>member
!area<br>(km²)
!population<br>(2010)<ref>Estimation in 2010 according to [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ ''The World Factbook'' (CIA)]</ref>
![[European Union|European<br>Union]]/<br>etc<br>member
![[eurozone]]<br>member
![[Council of Europe|Council<br>of<br>Europe]]<br>member
![[Council of Europe|Council<br>of<br>Europe]]<br>member
![[NATO]]<br>member
![[NATO]]<br>member
![[GDP]]/head<br>2009<br> $ <br><ref>At purchasing power parity rates[http://search.worldbank.org/data?qterm=GDP%20per%20capita&language=EN&format=html]</ref>
!exports<br> % GDP<br>2009<br><ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS ''Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)'', World Bank, 2010]</ref>
!public<br>debt<br>% GDP<br>2009
!unemploy-<br>ment %<br>2009
![[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]<br>category<br><ref>A&nbsp;=&nbsp;advanced,&nbsp;E&nbsp;=&nbsp;developing and emerging</ref>
|-
|-
|'''[[Albania]]'''
|'''[[Albania]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/al.html]
|[[Tirana]]
|[[Tirana]]
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|<center>28,748</center>
|<center>2,986,952</center>
|application<br>submitted
|application<br>submitted
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,373
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;29
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;58
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12.8
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/alb/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Andorra]]'''
|'''[[Andorra]]'''
|[[Andorra la Vella]]
|[[Andorra la Vella]]
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]]
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]]
|<center>468</center>
|<center>84,525</center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|
|
|
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.0
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
|-
|'''[[Armenia]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Armenia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Erevan]]
|[[Yerevan]]
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|<center>29,743</center>
|<center>2,966,802</center>
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA">Has a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU</ref></center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|
|
|<center>NATO</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/arm/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Austria]]'''
|'''[[Austria]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/au.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Austria/]
|[[Vienna]]
|[[Vienna]]
|[[German language|German]]
|[[German language|German]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>83,871</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>8,214,160</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S">Schengen agreement member</ref></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;38,363
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;66
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.8
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/aut/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Azerbaijan]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Azerbaijan]]'''<br>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Azerbaijan/]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Baku]]
|[[Baku]]
|[[Azeri language|Azeri]]
|[[Azeri language|Azeri]]
|<center>86,600</center>
|<center>8,303,512</center>
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9,638
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;51
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.0
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/aze/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Belarus]]'''
|'''[[Belarus]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html][http://www.economist.com/topics/belarus]
|[[Minsk]]
|[[Minsk]]
|[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]]
|[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]]
|<center>207,600</center>
|<center>9,612,632</center>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13,039
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;51
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.0
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/blr/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Belgium]]'''
|'''[[Belgium]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Belgium/]
|[[Brussels]]
|[[Brussels]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>30,528</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>10,423,493</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36,249
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;73
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;101
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.9
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/bel/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]'''
|'''[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]'''<br>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html][http://www.economist.com/topics/bosnia-and-herzegovina]
|[[Sarajevo]]
|[[Sarajevo]]
|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|<center>51,197</center>
|<center>4,621,598</center>
|potential<br>candidate
|potential<br>candidate
|<center>•</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;€ peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,491
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;33
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;44
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/BIH/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Bulgaria]]'''
|'''[[Bulgaria]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bu.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Bulgaria/]
|[[Sofia]]
|[[Sofia]]
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>110,879</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>7,148,78</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;€ peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13,332
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;48
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.1
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/bgr/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Croatia]]'''
|'''[[Croatia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hr.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Croatia/]
|[[Zagreb]]
|[[Zagreb]]
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
|candidate
|<center>56,594</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>4,486,881</center>
|<center>•</center>
|EU
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19,805
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;46
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/hrv/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Cyprus]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Cyprus]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Nicosia]]
|[[Nicosia]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>9,251</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>1,102,677</center>
|<center>EU</center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;52
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.3
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/cyp/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Czechia]]'''
|'''[[Czechia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ez.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/CzechRepublic/]
|[[Prague]]
|[[Prague]]
|[[Czech language|Czech]]
|[[Czech language|Czech]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>78,867</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>10,201,707</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25,232
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;70
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;34
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A;[http://www.imf.org/external/country/cze/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Denmark]]'''
|'''[[Denmark]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Denmark/]
|[[Copenhagen]]
|[[Copenhagen]]
|[[Danish language|Danish]]
|[[Danish language|Danish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>43,094</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>5,515,575</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;€ peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36,762
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;48
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;42
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.3
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/dnk/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Estonia]]'''
|'''[[Estonia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/en.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Estonia/]
|[[Tallinn]]
|[[Tallinn]]
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>45,228</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>1,291,170</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19,451
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;71
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.8
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/est/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Finland]]'''
|'''[[Finland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fi.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Finland/]
|[[Helsinki]]
|[[Helsinki]]
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>338,145</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>5,255,068</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;34,720
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/fin/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[France]]'''
|'''[[France]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/France/]
|[[Paris]]
|[[Paris]]
|[[French language|French]]
|[[French language|French]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>551,500<ref name=withoutov>Without overseas regions.</ref>
|<center>•</center>
<br></center>
|<center>•</center>
<center>643,427<ref name=withov>With overseas regions.</ref></center>
|<center>62,814,233<ref name=withoutov>Without overseas regions.</ref>
<br></center>
<center>64,768,389<ref name=withov>With overseas regions.</ref></center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;33,655
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;78
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.1
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/fra/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gg.html]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Tbilisi]]
|[[Tbilisi]]
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]
|<center>69,700</center>
|<center>4,600,825</center>
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4,774
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/geo/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Germany]]'''
|'''[[Germany]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Germany/]
|[[Berlin]]
|[[Berlin]]
|[[German language|German]]
|[[German language|German]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>357,022</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>82,282,988</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36,267
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;41
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;73
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/deu/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Greece]]'''
|'''[[Greece]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Greece/]
|[[Athens]]
|[[Athens]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>131,957</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>10,749,943</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;29,663
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;113
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.4
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/grc/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Hungary]]'''
|'''[[Hungary]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hu.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Hungary/]
|[[Budapest]]
|[[Budapest]]
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>93,028</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>9,992,339</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;€ peg<ref name="peg"/>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19,764
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;78
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/hun/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Iceland]]'''
|'''[[Iceland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ic.html][http://www.economist.com/node/17732935?story_id=17732935]
|[[Reykjavík]]
|[[Reykjavík]]
|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
|candidate
|<center>103,000</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>308,910</center>
|<center>•</center>
|candidate<br>EEA<ref name="EEA">Member of the [[European Economic Area]]</ref><br><center>S<ref name="S"/></center>
|
||<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37,595
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;53
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;114
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.0
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/isl/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Ireland]]'''
|'''Ireland'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Ireland/]
|[[Dublin]]
|[[Dublin]]
|[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>70,273</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>4,622,917</center>
|<center>EU</center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;41,278
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;89
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;65
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.8
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/irl/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Italy]]'''
|'''[[Italy]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Italy/]
|[[Rome]]
|[[Rome]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>301,340</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>58,090,681</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;31,909
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;116
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ita/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Kazakhstan]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Kazakhstan]]'''<br>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Kazakhstan/]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia)
|[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia)
|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
|<center>2,724,900</center>
|<center>15,460,484</center>
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11,509
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;52
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.3
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/kaz/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Kosovo]]'''
|'''[[Kosovo]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kv.html][http://www.economist.com/node/17733187?story_id=17733187]
|[[Priština]]
|[[Priština]]
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|<center>10,887</center>
|<center>1,815,048</center>
|potential<br>candidate
|potential<br>candidate
|
|
|
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;41
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16.6
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[http://www.imf.org/external/country/uvk/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Latvia]]'''
|'''[[Latvia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lg.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Latvia/]
|[[Riga]]
|[[Riga]]
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>64,589</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>2,217,969</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;€ peg<ref name="peg"/>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15,413
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;42
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/lva/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Liechtenstein]]'''
|'''[[Liechtenstein]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ls.html]
|[[Vaduz]]
|[[Vaduz]]
|[[German language|German]]
|[[German language|German]]
|<center>160</center>
|<center>35,002</center>
|&nbsp;EEA<ref name="EEA"/>
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
|
|-
|-
|'''[[Lithuania]]'''
|'''[[Lithuania]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lh.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Lithuania/]
|[[Vilnius]]
|[[Vilnius]]
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>65,300</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>3,545,319</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;€ peg<ref name="peg"/>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16,747
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ltu/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Luxembourg]]'''
|'''[[Luxembourg]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lu.html]
|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]
|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]
|[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]]
|[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>2,586</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>497,538</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ref>The published GDP/head figure for Luxembourg is misleading because much of its output if produced by foreign commutors</ref>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;169
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.7
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/lux/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Republic of Macedonia]]'''<br>(FYROM)
|'''[[Republic of Macedonia]]'''<br>(FYROM)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mk.html]
|[[Skopje]]
|[[Skopje]]
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
|<center>25,713</center>
|<center>2,072,086</center>
|candidate
|candidate
|<center>•</center>
|
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10,823
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;44
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/mkd/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Malta]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Malta]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mt.html]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Valletta]]
|[[Valletta]]
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>316</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>406,771</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;69
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.0
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/mlt/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Moldova]]'''
|'''[[Moldova]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/md.html]
|[[Chișinău]]
|[[Chișinău]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]]
|<center>33,851</center>
|<center>4,317,483</center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2,854
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.1
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/mda/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Monaco]]'''
|'''[[Monaco]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html]
|(city-sate)
|(city-sate)
|[[French language|French]]
|[[French language|French]]
|<center>2</center>
|<center>30,586</center>
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
|-
|'''[[Montenegro]]'''
|'''[[Montenegro]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mj.html][http://www.economist.com/node/17733199?story_id=17733199]
|[[Podgorica]]
|[[Podgorica]]
|[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]]
|[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]]
|<center>13,812</center>
|<center>666,730</center>
|candidate
|candidate
|<center>•</center>
|
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13,292
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;33
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;38
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/MNE/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Netherlands]]'''
|'''[[Netherlands]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Netherlands/]
|[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]]
|[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>41,543</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>16,783,092</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40,715
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;69
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;61
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.5
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/nld/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Norway]]'''
|'''[[Norway]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Norway/]
|[[Oslo]]
|[[Oslo]]
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
|<center>323,802</center>
|<center>4,676,305</center>
|&nbsp;EEA<ref name="EEA"/><br><center>S<ref name="S"/></center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;55,672
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;42
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;50
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.2
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/nor/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Poland]]'''
|'''[[Poland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Poland/]
|[[Warsaw]]
|[[Warsaw]]
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>312,685</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>38,463,689</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;€ peg<ref name="peg"/>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19,059
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;39
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;46
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/pol/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Portugal]]'''
|'''[[Portugal]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Portugal/]
|[[Lisbon]]
|[[Lisbon]]
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>92,090</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>10,735,765</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24,569
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;28
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;77
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.5
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/prt/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Romania]]'''
|'''[[Romania]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Romania/]
|[[Bucharest]]
|[[Bucharest]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>238,391</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>21,959,278</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU</center>
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14,199
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;33
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/rou/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Russia]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Russia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Russia/]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Moscow]]
|[[Moscow]]
|[[Russian language|Russian]]
|[[Russian language|Russian]]
|<center>17,098,242</center>
|<center>139,390,205</center>
|
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18,962
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;28
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.4
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/rus/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[San Marino]]'''
|'''[[San Marino]]'''
|[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]]
|[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|<center>61</center>
|<center>31,477</center>
|
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
|-
|'''[[Serbia]]'''
|'''[[Serbia]]'''[http://www.economist.com/countries/Serbia/]
|[[Belgrade]]
|[[Belgrade]]
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
|<center>77,474</center>
|<center>7,344,847<ref>Without Kosovo.</ref></center>
|application<br>submitted
|application<br>submitted
|<center>•</center>
|
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11,719
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;27
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;31
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/SRB/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Slovakia]]'''
|'''[[Slovakia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lo.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Slovakia/]
|[[Bratislava]]
|[[Bratislava]]
|[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
|[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>49,035</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>5,470,306</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;22,356
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;99
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/SRB/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Slovenia]]'''
|'''[[Slovenia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/si.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Slovenia/]
|[[Ljubljana]]
|[[Ljubljana]]
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>20,273</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>2,003,136</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;27,004
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;59
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;31
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.2
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/SRB/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Spain]]'''
|'''[[Spain]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Spain/]
|[[Madrid]]
|[[Madrid]]
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>505,370</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>46,505,963</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>€</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32,545
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;53
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/esp/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Sweden]]'''
|'''[[Sweden]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Sweden/]
|[[Stockholm]]
|[[Stockholm]]
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>450,295</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>9,074,055</center>
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center>
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37,905
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;42
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;42
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/swe/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Switzerland]]'''
|'''[[Switzerland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sz.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Switzerland/]
|[[Bern]]
|[[Bern]]
|[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]]
|[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]]
|<center>41,277</center>
|<center>7,623,438</center>
|&nbsp;EFTA<ref>Member of the [[European Free Trade Association]] (with Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway)</ref>
|<center>S<ref name="S"/></center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;45,117
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;52
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;41
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.7
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/che/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Turkey]]'''<br>(edge of Europe)
|'''[[Turkey]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Turkey/]<br>(edge of Europe)
|[[Ankara]]
|[[Ankara]]
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|<center>783,562</center>
|<center>77,804,122</center>
|candidate
|candidate
|<center>•</center>
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13,885
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;46
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/tur/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Ukraine]]'''
|'''[[Ukraine]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Ukraine/index.cfm]
|[[Kyiv]]
|[[Kiev]]
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|<center>603,550</center>
|<center>45,415,596</center>
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center>
|
|
|<center>•</center>
|<center>CoE</center>
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6,317
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;46
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ukr/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[United Kingdom]]'''
|'''[[United Kingdom]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html]
|[[London]]
|[[London, United Kingdom|London]]
|[[English language|English]]
|[[English language|English]]
|<center>•</center>
|<center>243,610</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>62,348,447</center>
|<center>•</center>
|<center>EU</center>
|
|<center>CoE</center>
|<center>NATO</center>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36,496
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;28
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;68
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ukr/index.htm]
|-
|-
|'''[[Vatican City]]'''
|'''[[Vatican City]]'''
|(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome)
|(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome)
|[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]]
|<center>0.44</center>
|<center>829</center>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
|-
|}
|}
Note that Europe includes the following, ''[[de facto]]'', independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: [[Abkhazia]] (edge of Europe), [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] (edge of Europe), [[Northern Cyprus]] (edge of Europe), [[South Ossetia]] (edge of Europe) and [[Transnistria]].


==The languages of Europe==
==The languages of Europe==
The following list presents the current, autochtonous languages of Europe, classified by language families. Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not enlisted here. Each table matches with a lower range language family. In each table, languages are presented with a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.
The following list presents the current, autochthonous languages of Europe, classified by language families and listed according to scientific surveys<ref>See, for example: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) ''Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa'', coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana.</ref> (even if some authorities may differ on some points from the tabulation here). Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not listed here. Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.


===[[Basque language]]===
===[[Basque language]]===
Line 384: Line 819:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Basque]]
|[[Basque language|Basque]]
|Spain, France
|Spain, France
|Spain (R)
|Spain (R)
|•
|endangered
|-
|-
|}
|}


===[[Indo-European languages]]===
===[[Indo-European languages]]===
==== [[Celtic languages]]====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!language
!approximate<br>location
!official status in:<br>(R = regional, official status)
!vitality
|-
|[[Irish language|Irish]]
|Ireland, United Kingdom
|Ireland
|endangered
|-
|[[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]]
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom (R)
|endangered
|-
|[[Manx language|Manx]]
|Isle of Man
|
|endangered
|-
|[[Welsh language|Welsh]] (Cymric)
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom (R)
|endangered
|-
|[[Cornish language|Cornish]]
|United Kingdom
|
|endangered
|-
|[[Breton language|Breton]]
|France
|
|endangered
|-
|}
==== [[Germanic languages]]====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!language
!approximate<br>location
!official status in:<br>(R = regional, official status)
!vitality
|-
|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
|Iceland
|Iceland
|
|-
|[[Faroese language|Faroese]]
|Faroe Islands
|Faroe Islands (R)
|
|-
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
|Norway
|Norway
|
|-
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]
|Sweden, Finland
|Sweden, Finland
|
|-
|[[Danish language|Danish]]
|Denmark, Sweden
|Denmark
|(endangered in Sweden)
|-
|[[English language|English]]
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom, Ireland
|
|-
|[[Frisian language|Frisian]]
|Netherlands, Germany
|
|endangered
|-
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]] (Netherlandic)
|Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany
|Netherlands, Belgium
|
|-
|[[Low German language|Low German]] (Low Saxon, Saxon)
|Germany, Netherlands
|
|endangered
|-
|[[German language|German]] (High German)
|Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France
|Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R)
|(endangered in France)
|-
|[[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]
|scattered across Central Europe
|
|endangered
|-
|}


==== [[Romance languages]]====
==== [[Romance languages]]====
Line 402: Line 944:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Galician-Portuguese]]
|[[Galician-Portuguese language|Galician-Portuguese]]
|Portugal, Spain
|Portugal, Spain
|Portugal, Spain (R)
|Portugal, Spain (R)
|(endangered in Spain)
|(endangered in Spain)
|-
|-
|[[Asturian-Leonese]]
|[[Asturian-Leonese language|Asturian-Leonese]]
|Spain, Portugal
|Spain, Portugal
|Portugal (R)
|Portugal (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Spanish]]
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (Castilian)
|Spain
|Spain
|Spain
|Spain
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Aragonese]]
|[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]]
|Spain
|Spain
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Catalan]]
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]]
|Spain, France, Andorra, Italy
|Spain, France, Andorra, Italy
|Andorra, Spain (R)
|Andorra, Spain (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Occitan]]
|[[Occitan language|Occitan]] (Lenga d'Òc, Provençal)
|France, Italy, Spain, Monaco
|France, Italy, Spain, Monaco
|Spain (R)
|Spain (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Francoprovençal]] (Arpitan)
|[[Francoprovençal language|Francoprovençal]] (Arpitan)
|France, Switzerland, Italy
|France, Switzerland, Italy
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[French]]
|[[French language|French]] (Langue d'Oïl)
|France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands
|France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands
|France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco
|France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco
|(endangered in the Channel Islands)
|(endangered in the Channel Islands)
|-
|-
|[[Romansh]]
|[[Romansh language|Romansh]]
|Switzerland
|Switzerland
|Switzerland
|Switzerland
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Ladin]]
|[[Ladin language|Ladin]]
|Italy
|Italy
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Friulian]]
|[[Friulian language|Friulian]]
|Italy
|Italy
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Northern Italian]]
|[[Northern Italian language|Northern Italian]] (Padanian)
|Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia
|Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Italian]]
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|Italy
|Italy
|Italy, Switzerland, San Marino
|Italy, Switzerland, San Marino
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Corsican]]
|[[Corsican language|Corsican]]
|France, Italy
|France, Italy
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Sardinian]]
|[[Sardinian language|Sardinian]]
|Italy
|Italy
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Romanian]]
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|Romania, Moldova, Balkans
|Romania, Moldova, Balkans
|Romania, Moldova
|Romania, Moldova
Line 484: Line 1,026:
|}
|}


==== [[Germanic languages]]====
==== [[Baltic languages]]====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 493: Line 1,035:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Icelandic]]
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]
|Iceland
|Latvia
|Iceland
|Latvia
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Faroese]]
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|Faroe Islands
|Lithuania
|Faroe Islands (R)
|Lithuania
|
|-
|[[Norwegian]]
|Norway
|Norway
|
|-
|[[Swedish]]
|Sweden, Finland
|Sweden, Finland
|
|-
|[[Danish]]
|Denmark, Sweden
|Denmark
|(endangered in Sweden)
|-
|[[English]]
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom, Ireland
|
|-
|[[Frisian]]
|Netherlands, Germany
|
|endangered
|-
|[[Dutch]]
|Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany
|Netherlands, Belgium
|
|
|-
|[[Low German]]
|Germany, Netherlands
|
|endangered
|-
|[[German]]
|Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France
|Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R)
|(endangered in France)
|-
|[[Yiddish]]
|scattered across Central Europe
|
|endangered
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 559: Line 1,056:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Sorbian]] (Lusatian)
|[[Sorbian language|Sorbian]] (Lusatian)
|Germany
|Germany
|Germany (R)
|Germany (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Kashubian]]
|[[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]
|Poland
|Poland
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Polish]]
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|Poland
|Poland
|Poland
|Poland
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Czech]]
|[[Czech language|Czech]]
|Czechia
|Czechia
|Czechia
|Czechia
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Slovakian]]
|[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]]
|Slovakia
|Slovakia
|Slovakia
|Slovakia
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Belarussian]]
|[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]]
|Belarus, Russia
|Belarus, Russia
|Belarus
|Belarus
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Ukrainian]]
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia
|Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia
|Ukraine
|Ukraine
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Russian]]
|[[Russian language|Russian]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R)
|Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R)
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Slovenian]]
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
|Slovenia, Italy, Austria
|Slovenia, Italy, Austria
|Slovenia
|Slovenia
|(endangered in Italy and Austria)
|(endangered in Italy and Austria)
|-
|-
|[[Croatian]] ([[Serbo-Croatian]])
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]] ([[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]])
|Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
|Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
|Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
|Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Bosnian]] ([[Serbo-Croatian]])
|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] ([[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]])
|Bosnia and Herzegovina
|Bosnia and Herzegovina
|Bosnia and Herzegovina
|Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Serbian]] ([[Serbo-Croatian]]) (including Montenegrin)
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]] ([[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]) (including Montenegrin)
|Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia
|Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia
|Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo
|Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Macedonian]]
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] (Slavomacedonian)
|Republic of Macedonia, Greece
|Republic of Macedonia, Greece
|Republic of Macedonia
|Republic of Macedonia
|(endangered in Greece)
|(endangered in Greece)
|-
|-
|[[Bulgarian]]
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|Bulgaria, Greece
|Bulgaria, Greece
|Bulgaria
|Bulgaria
Line 631: Line 1,128:
|}
|}


==== [[Baltic languages]]====
====[[Albanian language|Albanian]]====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 640: Line 1,137:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Latvian]]
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|Latvia
|Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece
|Latvia
|Albania, Kosovo
|
|(endangered in Greece)
|-
|[[Lithuanian]]
|Lithuania
|Lithuania
|
|-
|-
|}
|}


==== [[Celtic languages]]====
====[[Greek language|Greek]]====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 661: Line 1,153:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Irish]]
|[[Greek language|Greek]] (Hellenic)
|Ireland, United Kingdom
|Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Turkey
|Ireland
|Greece, Albania
|endangered
|(endangered in Albania, Turkey and Northern Cyprus)
|-
|[[Scottish Gaelic]]
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom (R)
|endangered
|-
|[[Manx]]
|Isle of Man
|
|endangered  
|-
|[[Welsh]]
|United Kingdom
|United Kingdom (R)
|endangered
|-
|[[Cornish]]
|United Kingdom
|
|endangered
|-
|[[Breton]]
|France
|
|endangered
|-
|-
|}
|}


====[[Indo-Iralian languages]]====
====[[Indo-Iranian languages]]====


* [[Iranian languages]]
* [[Iranian languages]]
Line 704: Line 1,171:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Ossetic]]
|[[Ossetic language|Ossetic]]
|Russia, South Ossetia
|Russia, South Ossetia
|South Ossetia
|South Ossetia
|endangered  
|endangered  
|-
|-
|[[Zaza]]
|[[Zaza language|Zaza]]
|Turkey
|Turkey
|
|
|endangered  
|endangered  
|-
|-
|[[Kurdish]]
|[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]
|Turkey
|Turkey
|
|
Line 730: Line 1,197:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Romany]]
|[[Romany language|Romany]] (Romani, Gypsy, Gipsy)
|scattered across Europe
|scattered across Europe
|
|
|endangered  
|endangered  
|-
|}
====[[Greek language|Greek]]====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!language
!approximate<br>location
!official status in:<br>(R = regional, official status)
!vitality
|-
|[[Greek]]
|Greece, Cyprus, Albania
|Greece, Albania
|(endangered in Albania)
|-
|}
====[[Albanian language|Albanian]]====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!language
!approximate<br>location
!official status in:<br>(R = regional, official status)
!vitality
|-
|[[Albanian]]
|Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece
|Albania, Kosovo
|(endangered in Greece)
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 778: Line 1,213:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Armenian]]
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey
|Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey
|Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh
|Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh
Line 796: Line 1,231:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Maltese]]
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]]
|Malta
|Malta
|Malta
|Malta
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Arabic]]
|[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
|Turkey
|
|(endangered in Turkey)
|-
|[[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]
|Turkey
|Turkey
|
|
Line 819: Line 1,259:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Sami]] (Lappish)
|[[Sami language|Sami]] (Lappish)
|Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia
|Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Finnish]] (including Karelian)
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]] (including Karelian)
|Finland, Russia, Sweden
|Finland, Russia, Sweden
|Finland
|Finland
|(endangered in Russia and Sweden)
|(endangered in Russia and Sweden)
|-
|-
|[[Estonian]]
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]
|Estonia
|Estonia
|Estonia
|Estonia
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Livonian]]
|[[Livonian language|Livonian]]
|Latvia
|Latvia
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Veps]]
|[[Veps language|Veps]]
|Russia
|Russia
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Komi]]
|[[Komi language|Komi]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Udmurt]]
|[[Udmurt language|Udmurt]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Mari]]
|[[Mari language|Mari]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Erza]]
|[[Erza language|Erza]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Moksha]]
|[[Moksha language|Moksha]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Hungarian]]
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (Magyar)
|Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia
|Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia
|Hungary
|Hungary
Line 885: Line 1,325:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Nenets]]
|[[Nenets language|Nenets]]
|Russia
|Russia
|
|
Line 903: Line 1,343:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Turkish]]
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]
|Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria
|Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria
|Turkey, Cyprus
|Turkey, Cyprus
|(endangered in Greece and Bulgaria)
|(endangered in Greece and Bulgaria)
|-
|-
|[[Gagauz]]
|[[Gagauz language|Gagauz]]
|Moldova, Ukraine
|Moldova, Ukraine
|Moldova (R)
|Moldova (R)
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Chuvash]]
|[[Chuvash language|Chuvash]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Crimean Tatar]]
|[[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]
|Ukraine
|Ukraine
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Volga Tatar]]
|[[Volga Tatar language|Volga Tatar]] (Kazan Tatar)
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Bashkort]] (Bashkir)
|[[Bashkort language|Bashkort]] (Bashkir)
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Kumyk]]
|[[Kumyk language|Kumyk]]
|Russia
|Russia
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Karachay]]-[[Balkar]]
|[[Karachay-Balkar language|Karachay-Balkar]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Nogay]]
|[[Nogay language|Nogay]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Azeri]]
|[[Azeri language|Azeri]] (Azerbaijani)
|Azerbaijan, Iran
|Azerbaijan, Iran
|Azerbaijan
|Azerbaijan
Line 956: Line 1,395:
|}
|}


====[[Mongolian language]]====
====[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 965: Line 1,404:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Mongolian]] (Kalmyk)
|[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] (including [[Kalmyk]])
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
Line 984: Line 1,423:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Abkhaz]]-[[Abaza]]
|[[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]-[[Abaza language|Abaza]]
|Abkhazia, Russia
|Abkhazia, Russia
|Abkhazia
|Abkhazia
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Circassian]] (Adyghe, Kabardian)
|[[Circassian language|Circassian]] ([[Adyghe]], [[Kabardian]])
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
Line 1,005: Line 1,444:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Chechen]]
|[[Chechen language|Chechen]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Ingush]]
|[[Ingush language|Ingush]]
|Russia
|Russia
|Russia (R)
|Russia (R)
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|many languages in Russia (Daghestan) and Azerbaijan, including: [[Bats]], [[Avar]], [[Andi]], [[Lak]], [[Dargwa]], [[Lezgian]], [[Tabasaran]], [[Aghul]], [[Udi]], [[Rutul]], etc.
|many languages of Daghestan, including: [[Bats language|Bats]], [[Avar language|Avar]], [[Andi language|Andi]], [[Lak language|Lak]], [[Dargwa language|Dargwa]], [[Lezgian language|Lezgian]], [[Tabasaran language|Tabasaran]], [[Aghul language|Aghul]], [[Udi language|Udi]], [[Rutul language|Rutul]], etc.
|Russia, Azerbaijan
|Russia, Azerbaijan
|(R) (for some of them)
|(R) (for some of them)
Line 1,031: Line 1,470:
!vitality
!vitality
|-
|-
|[[Georgian]]
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]
|Georgia
|Georgia
|Georgia
|Georgia (R)
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Svan]]
|[[Svan language|Svan]]
|Georgia
|Georgia
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Mingrelian]]
|[[Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]]
|Georgia
|Georgia
|
|
|endangered
|endangered
|-
|-
|[[Laz]]
|[[Laz language|Laz]]
|Turkey, Georgia
|Turkey, Georgia
|
|
Line 1,052: Line 1,491:
|-
|-
|}
|}
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 06:31, 20 April 2024

This article is developing and not approved.
 Main Article
 Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
Timelines [?]
Addendum [?]
 
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Europe/Addendum&printable=yes
This addendum is a continuation of the article Europe.

The states of Europe

This list doesn't include the following de facto independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Northern Cyprus, South Ossetia and Transnistria.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
state

(CIA & EIU links)

capital official
state
language 		area
(km²) 		population
(2010)[1] 		European
Union/
etc
member 		eurozone
member 		Council
of
Europe
member 		NATO
member 		GDP/head
2009
$
[2] 		exports
 % GDP
2009
[3] 		public
debt
% GDP
2009 		unemploy-
ment %
2009 		IMF
category
[4]
Albania[2] Tirana Albanian
28,748
2,986,952
 application
submitted
CoE
NATO
      8,373    29    58       12.8    E[3]
Andorra Andorra la Vella Catalan
468
84,525
              7.0    
Armenia[4]
(edge of Europe) 		Yerevan Armenian
29,743
2,966,802
PCA[5]
NATO
    12       7.1    E[5]
Austria[6][7] Vienna German
83,871
8,214,160
EU S[6]
€
CoE
    38,363       66       4.8    A[8]
Azerbaijan
[9][10]
(edge of Europe) 		Baku Azeri
86,600
8,303,512
PCA[5]
CoE
     9,638    51           6.0    E[11]
Belarus[12][13] Minsk Belarussian
207,600
9,612,632
    13,039    51           1.0    E[14]
Belgium[15][16] Brussels Dutch,
French,
German
30,528
10,423,493
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    36,249    73    101       7.9    A[17]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
[18][19] 		Sarajevo Bosnian,
Croatian,
Serbian
51,197
4,621,598
 potential
candidate 		  € peg[7]
CoE
     8,491    33    44       40    E[20]
Bulgaria[21][22] Sofia Bulgarian
110,879
7,148,78
EU
   € peg[7]
CoE
NATO
    13,332    48    15       9.1    E[23]
Croatia[24][25] Zagreb Croatian
56,594
4,486,881
 EU
CoE
NATO
    19,805    36    46       16    E[26]
Cyprus[27]
(edge of Europe) 		Nicosia Greek,
Turkish
9,251
1,102,677
EU
€
CoE
       52       5.3    A[28]
Czechia[29][30] Prague Czech
78,867
10,201,707
EU S[6]
CoE
NATO
    25,232    70    34       8.1    A;[31]
Denmark[32][33] Copenhagen Danish
43,094
5,515,575
EU S[6]
   € peg[7]
CoE
NATO
    36,762    48    42       4.3    A[34]
Estonia[35][36] Tallinn Estonian
45,228
1,291,170
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    19,451    71    7       13.8    E[37]
Finland[38][39] Helsinki Finnish,
Swedish
338,145
5,255,068
EU S[6]
€
CoE
    34,720    37    40       8.2    A[40]
France[41][42] Paris French
551,500[8]
643,427[9]
62,814,233[8]
64,768,389[9]
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    33,655    23    78       9.1    A[43]
Georgia[44]
(edge of Europe) 		Tbilisi Georgian
69,700
4,600,825
PCA[5]
CoE
     4,774    30               E[45]
Germany[46][47] Berlin German
357,022
82,282,988
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    36,267    41    73       7.5    A[48]
Greece[49][50] Athens Greek
131,957
10,749,943
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    29,663    19    113       9.4    A[51]
Hungary[52][53] Budapest Hungarian
93,028
9,992,339
EU S[6]
   € peg[7]
CoE
NATO
    19,764       78       10    E[54]
Iceland[55][56] Reykjavík Icelandic
103,000
308,910
 candidate
EEA[10]
S[6]
CoE
NATO
    37,595    53    114       8.0    A[57]
Ireland[58][59] Dublin Irish,
English
70,273
4,622,917
EU
€
CoE
    41,278    89    65       11.8    A[60]
Italy[61][62] Rome Italian
301,340
58,090,681
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    31,909    24    116       7.8    A[63]
Kazakhstan
[64][65]
(edge of Europe) 		Astana
(in Asia) 		Kazakh
2,724,900
15,460,484
PCA[5]
    11,509    52    14       6.3    E[66]
Kosovo[67][68] Priština Albanian,
Serbian
10,887
1,815,048
 potential
candidate 		        41           16.6    [69]
Latvia[70][71] Riga Latvian
64,589
2,217,969
EU S[6]
   € peg[7]
CoE
NATO
    15,413    42    37       17    E[72]
Liechtenstein[73] Vaduz German
160
35,002
  EEA[10]
CoE
           
Lithuania[74][75] Vilnius Lithuanian
65,300
3,545,319
EU S[6]
   € peg[7]
CoE
NATO
    16,747        30       14    E[76]
Luxembourg[77] Luxembourg German/
Luxembourgish,
French
2,586
497,538
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    [11]    169           5.7    A[78]
Republic of Macedonia
(FYROM)[79] 		Skopje Macedonian
25,713
2,072,086
 candidate
CoE
    10,823    44           32    E[80]
Malta[81]
(edge of Europe) 		Valletta Maltese,
English
316
406,771
EU S[6]
€
CoE
           69       7.0    A[82]
Moldova[83] Chișinău Romanian
(“Moldovan”)
33,851
4,317,483
CoE
     2,854    37           3.1    E[84]
Monaco[85] (city-sate) French
2
30,586
CoE
                      
Montenegro[86][87] Podgorica Serbian
(“Montenegrin”)
13,812
666,730
 candidate
CoE
    13,292    33    38       15    E[88]
Netherlands[89][90] The Hague,
Amsterdam 		Dutch
41,543
16,783,092
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    40,715    69    61       4.5    A[91]
Norway[92][93] Oslo Norwegian
323,802
4,676,305
  EEA[10]
S[6]
CoE
NATO
    55,672    42    50       3.2    A[94]
Poland[95][96] Warsaw Polish
312,685
38,463,689
EU S[6]
   € peg[7]
CoE
NATO
    19,059    39    46       11    E[97]
Portugal[98][99] Lisbon Portuguese
92,090
10,735,765
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    24,569    28    77       9.5    A[100]
Romania[101][102] Bucharest Romanian
238,391
21,959,278
EU
CoE
NATO
    14,199    33    24       7.8    E[103]
Russia[104][105]
(edge of Europe) 		Moscow Russian
17,098,242
139,390,205
CoE
    18,962    28           8.4    E[106]
San Marino City of
San Marino 		Italian
61
31,477
CoE
                  
Serbia[107] Belgrade Serbian
77,474
7,344,847[12]
 application
submitted
CoE
    11,719    27    31       17    E[108]
Slovakia[109][110] Bratislava Slovakian
49,035
5,470,306
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    22,356    99    36       11    A[111]
Slovenia[112][113] Ljubljana Slovenian
20,273
2,003,136
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    27,004    59    31       9.2    A[114]
Spain[115][116] Madrid Spanish
505,370
46,505,963
EU S[6]
€
CoE
NATO
    32,545    23    53       18    A[117]
Sweden[118][119] Stockholm Swedish
450,295
9,074,055
EU S[6]
CoE
    37,905    42    42       8.3    A[120]
Switzerland[121][122] Bern German,
French,
Italian,
Romansh
41,277
7,623,438
  EFTA[13]
S[6]
CoE
    45,117    52    41       3.7    A[123]
Turkey[124][125]
(edge of Europe) 		Ankara Turkish
783,562
77,804,122
 candidate
CoE
NATO
    13,885    23    46       14    E[126]
Ukraine[127][128] Kiev Ukrainian
603,550
45,415,596
PCA[5]
CoE
     6,317    46           8.8    A[129]
United Kingdom[130] London English
243,610
62,348,447
EU
CoE
NATO
    36,496    28    68       7.5    A[131]
Vatican City (city-state,
inside
Rome) 		Italian,
Latin
0.44
829
                  

The languages of Europe

The following list presents the current, autochthonous languages of Europe, classified by language families and listed according to scientific surveys[14] (even if some authorities may differ on some points from the tabulation here). Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not listed here. Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.

Basque language

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Basque Spain, France Spain (R) endangered

Indo-European languages

Celtic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Irish Ireland, United Kingdom Ireland endangered
Scottish Gaelic United Kingdom United Kingdom (R) endangered
Manx Isle of Man endangered
Welsh (Cymric) United Kingdom United Kingdom (R) endangered
Cornish United Kingdom endangered
Breton France endangered

Germanic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Icelandic Iceland Iceland
Faroese Faroe Islands Faroe Islands (R)
Norwegian Norway Norway
Swedish Sweden, Finland Sweden, Finland
Danish Denmark, Sweden Denmark (endangered in Sweden)
English United Kingdom United Kingdom, Ireland
Frisian Netherlands, Germany endangered
Dutch (Netherlandic) Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany Netherlands, Belgium
Low German (Low Saxon, Saxon) Germany, Netherlands endangered
German (High German) Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R) (endangered in France)
Yiddish scattered across Central Europe endangered

Romance languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Galician-Portuguese Portugal, Spain Portugal, Spain (R) (endangered in Spain)
Asturian-Leonese Spain, Portugal Portugal (R) endangered
Spanish (Castilian) Spain Spain
Aragonese Spain endangered
Catalan Spain, France, Andorra, Italy Andorra, Spain (R) endangered
Occitan (Lenga d'Òc, Provençal) France, Italy, Spain, Monaco Spain (R) endangered
Francoprovençal (Arpitan) France, Switzerland, Italy endangered
French (Langue d'Oïl) France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco (endangered in the Channel Islands)
Romansh Switzerland Switzerland endangered
Ladin Italy endangered
Friulian Italy endangered
Northern Italian (Padanian) Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia endangered
Italian Italy Italy, Switzerland, San Marino
Corsican France, Italy endangered
Sardinian Italy endangered
Romanian Romania, Moldova, Balkans Romania, Moldova

Baltic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Latvian Latvia Latvia
Lithuanian Lithuania Lithuania

Slavic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Sorbian (Lusatian) Germany Germany (R) endangered
Kashubian Poland endangered
Polish Poland Poland
Czech Czechia Czechia
Slovakian Slovakia Slovakia
Belarussian Belarus, Russia Belarus endangered
Ukrainian Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia Ukraine
Russian Russia Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R)
Slovenian Slovenia, Italy, Austria Slovenia (endangered in Italy and Austria)
Croatian (Serbo-Croatian) Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian (Serbo-Croatian) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) (including Montenegrin) Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo
Macedonian (Slavomacedonian) Republic of Macedonia, Greece Republic of Macedonia (endangered in Greece)
Bulgarian Bulgaria, Greece Bulgaria (endangered in Greece)

Albanian

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Albanian Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece Albania, Kosovo (endangered in Greece)

Greek

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Greek (Hellenic) Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Turkey Greece, Albania (endangered in Albania, Turkey and Northern Cyprus)

Indo-Iranian languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status)) 		vitality
Ossetic Russia, South Ossetia South Ossetia endangered
Zaza Turkey endangered
Kurdish Turkey endangered
language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Romany (Romani, Gypsy, Gipsy) scattered across Europe endangered

Armenian

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Armenian Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh (endangered in Turkey)

Afro-Asiatic languages

Semitic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Maltese Malta Malta
Arabic Turkey (endangered in Turkey)
Aramaic Turkey endangered

Uralic languages

Finno-Ugric languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Sami (Lappish) Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia endangered
Finnish (including Karelian) Finland, Russia, Sweden Finland (endangered in Russia and Sweden)
Estonian Estonia Estonia
Livonian Latvia endangered
Veps Russia endangered
Komi Russia Russia (R) endangered
Udmurt Russia Russia (R) endangered
Mari Russia Russia (R) endangered
Erza Russia Russia (R) endangered
Moksha Russia Russia (R) endangered
Hungarian (Magyar) Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia Hungary (endangered in Slovakia, Romania, Austria and Serbia)

Samoyedic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Nenets Russia endangered

Altaic languages

Turkic languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Turkish Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria Turkey, Cyprus (endangered in Greece and Bulgaria)
Gagauz Moldova, Ukraine Moldova (R) endangered
Chuvash Russia Russia (R) endangered
Crimean Tatar Ukraine endangered
Volga Tatar (Kazan Tatar) Russia Russia (R) endangered
Bashkort (Bashkir) Russia Russia (R) endangered
Kumyk Russia endangered
Karachay-Balkar Russia Russia (R) endangered
Nogay Russia Russia (R) endangered
Azeri (Azerbaijani) Azerbaijan, Iran Azerbaijan

Mongolian

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Mongolian (including Kalmyk) Russia Russia (R) endangered

North Caucasian languages

The unity of the North Caucasian family is debated among specialists.

Northwest Caucasian languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Abkhaz-Abaza Abkhazia, Russia Abkhazia endangered
Circassian (Adyghe, Kabardian) Russia Russia (R) endangered

Northeast Caucasian languages

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Chechen Russia Russia (R) endangered
Ingush Russia Russia (R) endangered
many languages of Daghestan, including: Bats, Avar, Andi, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Udi, Rutul, etc. Russia, Azerbaijan (R) (for some of them) endangered

Kartvelian languages (South Caucasian languages)

language approximate
location 		official status in:
(R = regional, official status) 		vitality
Georgian Georgia Georgia
Svan Georgia endangered
Mingrelian Georgia endangered
Laz Turkey, Georgia endangered

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Estimation in 2010 according to The World Factbook (CIA)
  2. ↑ At purchasing power parity rates[1]
  3. ↑ Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), World Bank, 2010
  4. ↑ A = advanced, E = developing and emerging
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Has a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 Schengen agreement member
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Non-member with currency pegged to the euro
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Without overseas regions.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 With overseas regions.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Member of the European Economic Area
  11. ↑ The published GDP/head figure for Luxembourg is misleading because much of its output if produced by foreign commutors
  12. ↑ Without Kosovo.
  13. ↑ Member of the European Free Trade Association (with Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway)
  14. ↑ See, for example: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa, coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana.
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