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'''''Crotalus Scutulatus''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[rattlesnake]] [[species]] commonly known as the '''Mohave (Mojave)  rattlesnake'''.  Some other names associated with this rattlesnake include the Mojave Green rattlesnake. It is not endangered and it's conservation status is:  Least Concern.<ref name="urlField Guide | EOL: Learning and Education Group">{{cite web | url = http://education.eol.org/field-guide?guidekey=7&eol_id=815840 | title = Field Guide &#124; EOL: Learning and Education Group | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
'''''Crotalus Scutulatus''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[rattlesnake]] [[species]] commonly known as the '''Mohave (Mojave)  rattlesnake'''.  Some other names associated with this rattlesnake include the Mojave Green rattlesnake. It is not endangered and it's conservation status is:  Least Concern.<ref name="urlField Guide | EOL: Learning and Education Group">{{cite web | url = http://education.eol.org/field-guide?guidekey=7&eol_id=815840 | title = Field Guide &#124; EOL: Learning and Education Group | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
==Description==
==Description==
''Crotalus Scutulatus '' usually measures between 2' and 4'" long. The [[rattlesnake]]s, ''C. Scutulatus'' can be identified by the diamond shaped pattern that becomes off-set in color near the snake's tail. The Mohave snake is greenish gray to tannish brown in color. Color variations are based on terrain.<ref name="urlBiogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake">{{cite web | url = http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/Fall00Projects/rsnake.htm | title = Biogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
''Crotalus Scutulatus '' usually measures between 2' and 4'" long. The [[rattlesnake]]s, ''C. Scutulatus'' can be identified by the diamond shaped pattern that becomes off-set in color near the snake's tail. The Mohave snake is greenish gray to tannish brown in color. Color variations are based on terrain.<ref name="urlBiogeography">{{cite web | url = http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/Fall00Projects/rsnake.htm | title = Biogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
<ref name="urlArizona Rattlesnakes">{{cite web | url = http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/arizona-rattlesnakes.shtml#2 | title = Arizona Rattlesnakes | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlArizona Rattlesnakes">{{cite web | url = http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/arizona-rattlesnakes.shtml#2 | title = Arizona Rattlesnakes | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlmojave rattlesnake">{{cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/tont/nature/snakemojave.htm | title = mojave rattlesnake | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlmojave rattlesnake">{{cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/tont/nature/snakemojave.htm | title = mojave rattlesnake | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlAHA Field Guide - Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus">{{cite web | url = http://www.azreptiles.com/reptiles_of_az.php?name=Crotalus_scutulatus_scutulatus | title = AHA Field Guide - Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref><ref name="url, Wildlife Database Detail - :">{{cite web | url = http://www.blm.gov/ca/forms/wildlife/details.php?metode=serial_number&search=2751 | title = , Wildlife Database Detail - : | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlAHA Field Guide - Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus">{{cite web | url = http://www.azreptiles.com/reptiles_of_az.php?name=Crotalus_scutulatus_scutulatus | title = AHA Field Guide - Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref><ref name="urlWDD">{{cite web | url = http://www.blm.gov/ca/forms/wildlife/details.php?metode=serial_number&search=2751 | title = , Wildlife Database Detail - : | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
==Range==
==Range==
There current range spans from  the Mojave Desert through extreme northern Colorado. They are also found in Arizona, Texas and Mexico. They are endemic throughout the southwestern desert of North America.<ref name="urlBiogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake">{{cite web |url=http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/Fall00Projects/rsnake.htm |title=Biogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= |accessdate=2011-02-04}}</ref>
There current range spans from  the Mojave Desert through extreme northern Colorado. They are also found in Arizona, Texas and Mexico. They are endemic throughout the southwestern desert of North America.<ref name="urlBiogeography"/>
<ref name="urlArizona-Sonora Desert Museum Digital Library - Crotalus scutulatus">{{cite web | url = http://www.desertmuseumdigitallibrary.org/public/detail.php?id=ASDM15073&sp=Crotalus%20scutulatus | title = Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Digital Library - Crotalus scutulatus | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlArizona-Sonora Desert Museum Digital Library - Crotalus scutulatus">{{cite web | url = http://www.desertmuseumdigitallibrary.org/public/detail.php?id=ASDM15073&sp=Crotalus%20scutulatus | title = Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Digital Library - Crotalus scutulatus | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref><ref name="urlwww.zo.utexas.edu">{{cite web | url = http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/snakes/crotalus.scutulatus.html | title = www.zo.utexas.edu | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>


{{Image|Crotalus scutulatus 03.jpg|right|350px|The Mohave (Mojave) Green rattlenake. This is one of the most dangerous snakes in Northern America.}}
{{Image|Crotalus scutulatus 03.jpg|right|350px|The Mohave (Mojave) Green rattlenake. This is one of the most dangerous snakes in Northern America.}}


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
''C. Scutulatus'' prefers living where there are numerous creosote plants. Unlike most rattlesnakes the Mohave Green prefers to live alone , or perhaps with a couple other Mohave snakes. They often sleep in rodent burrows. <ref name="urlMojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)">{{cite web | url = http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/animals/rept_mora.htm | title = Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref><ref name="urlwww.michaelcardwell.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.michaelcardwell.com/MRSabstract.pdf | title = www.michaelcardwell.com | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>They also tend to be nocturnal.<ref name="urlMojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)">{{cite web | url = http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/animals/rept_mora.htm | title = Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
''C. Scutulatus'' prefers living where there are numerous creosote plants. Unlike most rattlesnakes the Mohave Green prefers to live alone , or perhaps with a couple other Mohave snakes. They often sleep in rodent burrows. <ref name="urlMojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)">{{cite web | url = http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/animals/rept_mora.htm | title = Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref><ref name="urlwwwmichaelcardwell">{{cite web | url = http://www.michaelcardwell.com/MRSabstract.pdf | title = www.michaelcardwell.com | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>They also tend to be nocturnal.<ref name="urlMojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)">{{cite web | url = http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/animals/rept_mora.htm | title = Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>


==Hibernation==
==Hibernation==
C. Scutulatus hibernate during the winter months and emerge during spring when they actively seek food.<ref name="urlBiogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake">{{cite web | url = http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/Fall00Projects/rsnake.htm | title = Biogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
C. Scutulatus hibernate during the winter months and emerge during spring when they actively seek food.<ref name="urlBiogeography"/>
== Reproductive cyle==
== Reproductive cyle==
''C. Scutulatus''  have a bimodal mating pattern. Coitus and reproductive behavior was seen either in the summer/fall or spring seasons. C. Scutulatus give birth to live young and do not lay eggs.<ref name="urlwww.michaelcardwell.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.michaelcardwell.com/MRSabstract.pdf | title = www.michaelcardwell.com | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>Males reach sexual maturation between 16 and 20 months while females reach maturity at 25 months.<ref name="urlwww.michaelcardwell.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.michaelcardwell.com/Tampa.pdf | title = www.michaelcardwell.com | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
''C. Scutulatus''  have a bimodal mating pattern. Coitus and reproductive behavior was seen either in the summer/fall or spring seasons. C. Scutulatus give birth to live young and do not lay eggs.<ref name="urlwwwmichaelcardwell"/>Males reach sexual maturation between 16 and 20 months while females reach maturity at 25 months.<ref name="urlwww.michaelcardwell.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.michaelcardwell.com/Tampa.pdf | title = www.michaelcardwell.com | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>


==Venom==
==Venom==
''C. Scutulatus'' venom is one of the most  potent. “The Mohave Rattlesnake venom is ten times more toxic than other North American Rattlesnakes”.<ref name="urlSOUTH MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL AND EDUCATION CENTER RATTLE SNAKES AND GILA MONSTERS">{{cite web | url = http://phoenix.gov/PARKS/rattlers.html | title = SOUTH MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL AND EDUCATION CENTER RATTLE SNAKES AND GILA MONSTERS | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref><ref name="url, Wildlife Database Detail - :">{{cite web | url = http://www.blm.gov/ca/forms/wildlife/details.php?metode=serial_number&search=2751 | title = , Wildlife Database Detail - : | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref> Type A induces neurotoxic effects. Mohave toxin, or a similar toxin, has been detected in the venom of other rattlesnake species. The toxin impairs the presynaptic [[acetylcholine]] release.  Type B Venom may cause  local, proteolytic, and[[ hemorrhagic]] effects.[[ Renal failure]] is also reported. Venom B is less lethal than Venom A. Some Mohave rattlesnakes carry both Venon A and B.  Most reported deaths involved the individual intentionally interacting with the Mohave Green.<ref name="urlMohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: eMedicine Emergency Medicine">{{cite web | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/771586-overview | title = Mohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: eMedicine Emergency Medicine | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
''C. Scutulatus'' venom is one of the most  potent. “The Mohave Rattlesnake venom is ten times more toxic than other North American Rattlesnakes”.<ref name="urlSOUTH MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL AND EDUCATION CENTER RATTLE SNAKES AND GILA MONSTERS">{{cite web | url = http://phoenix.gov/PARKS/rattlers.html | title = SOUTH MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL AND EDUCATION CENTER RATTLE SNAKES AND GILA MONSTERS | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref><ref name="urlWDD2">{{cite web | url = http://www.blm.gov/ca/forms/wildlife/details.php?metode=serial_number&search=2751 | title = , Wildlife Database Detail - : | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref> Type A induces neurotoxic effects. Mohave toxin, or a similar toxin, has been detected in the venom of other rattlesnake species. The toxin impairs the presynaptic [[acetylcholine]] release.  Type B Venom may cause  local, proteolytic, and[[ hemorrhagic]] effects.[[ Renal failure]] is also reported. Venom B is less lethal than Venom A. Some Mohave rattlesnakes carry both Venon A and B.  Most reported deaths involved the individual intentionally interacting with the Mohave Green.<ref name="urlMohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: eMedicine Emergency Medicine">{{cite web | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/771586-overview | title = Mohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: eMedicine Emergency Medicine | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
<ref name="urlwww.chem.tamu.edu">{{cite web | url = http://www.chem.tamu.edu/rgroup/russell/Publications_files/PDFs/167.pdf | title = www.chem.tamu.edu | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlwww.chem.tamu.edu">{{cite web | url = http://www.chem.tamu.edu/rgroup/russell/Publications_files/PDFs/167.pdf | title = www.chem.tamu.edu | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlCrotalus scutulatus">{{cite web | url = http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/herps/Phylogeny/Serpentes/Viperidae/C_scutulatus.html | title = Crotalus scutulatus | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="urlCrotalus scutulatus">{{cite web | url = http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/herps/Phylogeny/Serpentes/Viperidae/C_scutulatus.html | title = Crotalus scutulatus | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref>
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Immediate medical care should be sought. Antivenom is available, if needed. Do not try to catch the snake to take to the hospital as further injury could occur.<ref name="urlMohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: Treatment & Medication - eMedicine Emergency Medicine">{{cite web | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/771586-treatment | title = Mohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: Treatment & Medication - eMedicine Emergency Medicine | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref> <ref name="urlMojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)">{{cite web | url = http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/animals/rept_mora.htm | title = Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>
Immediate medical care should be sought. Antivenom is available, if needed. Do not try to catch the snake to take to the hospital as further injury could occur.<ref name="urlMohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: Treatment & Medication - eMedicine Emergency Medicine">{{cite web | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/771586-treatment | title = Mohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: Treatment & Medication - eMedicine Emergency Medicine | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref> <ref name="urlMojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)">{{cite web | url = http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/animals/rept_mora.htm | title = Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2011-02-04}}</ref>


== References ==
<small>
<references>


==See also==
</references>
* [[List of rattlesnake species and subspecies]]
</small>
* [[Snakebite]]


== References ==
 
<references />
[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

Latest revision as of 11:36, 29 September 2024

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Crotalus scutulatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Subfamily: Crotalinae
Genus: Crotalus
Species: C. scutulatus

Crotalus Scutulatus is a venomous rattlesnake species commonly known as the Mohave (Mojave) rattlesnake. Some other names associated with this rattlesnake include the Mojave Green rattlesnake. It is not endangered and it's conservation status is: Least Concern.[1]

Description

Crotalus Scutulatus usually measures between 2' and 4'" long. The rattlesnakes, C. Scutulatus can be identified by the diamond shaped pattern that becomes off-set in color near the snake's tail. The Mohave snake is greenish gray to tannish brown in color. Color variations are based on terrain.[2] [3] [4] [5][6]

Range

There current range spans from the Mojave Desert through extreme northern Colorado. They are also found in Arizona, Texas and Mexico. They are endemic throughout the southwestern desert of North America.[2] [7][8]

(PD) Image: USGS Photographer Kathie Meyer
The Mohave (Mojave) Green rattlenake. This is one of the most dangerous snakes in Northern America.

Habitat

C. Scutulatus prefers living where there are numerous creosote plants. Unlike most rattlesnakes the Mohave Green prefers to live alone , or perhaps with a couple other Mohave snakes. They often sleep in rodent burrows. [9][10]They also tend to be nocturnal.[9]

Hibernation

C. Scutulatus hibernate during the winter months and emerge during spring when they actively seek food.[2]

Reproductive cyle

C. Scutulatus have a bimodal mating pattern. Coitus and reproductive behavior was seen either in the summer/fall or spring seasons. C. Scutulatus give birth to live young and do not lay eggs.[10]Males reach sexual maturation between 16 and 20 months while females reach maturity at 25 months.[11]

Venom

C. Scutulatus venom is one of the most potent. “The Mohave Rattlesnake venom is ten times more toxic than other North American Rattlesnakes”.[12][13] Type A induces neurotoxic effects. Mohave toxin, or a similar toxin, has been detected in the venom of other rattlesnake species. The toxin impairs the presynaptic acetylcholine release. Type B Venom may cause local, proteolytic, andhemorrhagic effects.Renal failure is also reported. Venom B is less lethal than Venom A. Some Mohave rattlesnakes carry both Venon A and B. Most reported deaths involved the individual intentionally interacting with the Mohave Green.[14] [15] [16]


Snakebite symptoms

Some symptoms reported include muscle weakness, respiratory failure, lethargy, fainting, tachycardia, muscle movements and shock.[14]

Treatment

Immediate medical care should be sought. Antivenom is available, if needed. Do not try to catch the snake to take to the hospital as further injury could occur.[17] [9]

References

  1. ↑ Field Guide | EOL: Learning and Education Group. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Biogeography of Mojave Rattlesnake. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  3. ↑ Arizona Rattlesnakes. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  4. ↑ mojave rattlesnake. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  5. ↑ AHA Field Guide - Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  6. ↑ , Wildlife Database Detail - :. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  7. ↑ Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Digital Library - Crotalus scutulatus. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  8. ↑ www.zo.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus). Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 www.michaelcardwell.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  11. ↑ www.michaelcardwell.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  12. ↑ SOUTH MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL AND EDUCATION CENTER RATTLE SNAKES AND GILA MONSTERS. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  13. ↑ , Wildlife Database Detail - :. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Mohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: eMedicine Emergency Medicine. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.
  15. ↑ www.chem.tamu.edu. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  16. ↑ Crotalus scutulatus. Retrieved on 2011-02-05.
  17. ↑ Mohave Rattle Snake Envenomation: Treatment & Medication - eMedicine Emergency Medicine. Retrieved on 2011-02-04.

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