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'''Qigong''' (pronounced "chee-gung") is a [[China|Chinese]] term which translates as "energy skill," or skill in the manipulation of ''[[qi]]''. It has applications in [[traditional Chinese medicine]] and in [[martial arts]]. With respect to mainstream medicine, it is considered an [[unproven healing technique]] and part of [[complementary and alternative medicine]].  In the martial arts, qigong principles underlie various visualization techniques used to improve concentration, breathing, and power. [[Tai chi]] is a related discipline that has both health and martial aspects.
'''Qigong''' (pronounced "chee-gung") is a Chinese term which translates as "energy skill," or skill in the manipulation of ''[[qi]]''. Qigong principles underlie various visualization techniques used to improve concentration, breathing, and power. Qigong is widely practiced throughout China, mainly as a form of exercise, but by some as a type of alternative medicine or meditative practice. [[Tai chi]] is a related discipline.


Studies of tai chi and qigong have been evaluated as exercise techniques for health promotion; a [[meta-analysis]] considered the disciplines together.<ref>{{citation
Studies of the effects  of regular exercise using tai chi and qigong have reported consistent health benefits.<ref>{{citation
  | author = Roger Jahnke, Linda Larkey, Carol Rogers, Jennifer Etnier and Fang Lin
  | author = Jahnke R ''et al.'' | title = A comprehensive Review of Health Benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi
  | title = (Abstract) A Comprehensive Review of Health Benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi
  | journal =  Am JHealth Promotion | date = 2010 | volume = 24 | pages= e1-e25
  | journal =  American Journal of Health Promotion | date = July/August 2010 | volume = 24 | issue = 6 | pages= e1-e25
|doi= 10.4278/ajhp.081013-LIT-248}}</ref>
|doi= 10.4278/ajhp.081013-LIT-248}}</ref>
==History==


"Qi" can mean both breath and energy. This is because in ancient times, since people could not see air or oxygen, they believed we inhaled qi, or energy. Later, even after the discovery of air, the notion of breathing in some kind of Universal Cosmic Energy remained, and this concept became synonymous with breathing in air. It is the basis for "All Change". It can take many forms, including the "Life Force" which animates all living beings. ''Gong'' is the Chinese word for "skill" or "work".
==The practise of qidong==
The term "Qi" can mean both breath and energy, because in ancient times, people believed that we inhaled qi, or energy, and connotes the "Life Force" which animates all living beings. ''Gong'' is the Chinese word for "skill" or "work".At the most basic level, it is claimed that ''qi'' can be affected by physical exercise emphasizing its movement. This is the form of exercise and ''Qigong'' practiced by many Chinese in their parks and recreation centers; tai chi is closely related.  


==Forms of qigong==
Many forms of ''Qigong'' involve performing specific patterns of breathing which involve various combinations and durations of inhalations, exhalations and breath retention. Some forms require moving various body parts in conjunction with the breathing patterns. It is also common to perform Muscle and Tendon Changing Exercises along with the breathing exercises. In medical ''Qigong'', a ''Qigong'' practitioner uses his/her Qi to help manipulate their patient's Qi by using various means from physical touch to mental manipulation. According to [[Traditional Chinese medicine]], all illnesses are caused by an imbalance in a person's internal energy.
At the most basic level, it is believed that ''qi'' can be affected by physical exercise emphasizing its movement. This is the form of exercise and ''Qigong'' practiced by countless Chinese in their parks and recreation centers; tai chi is closely related. Massage can be consider a passive form of ''Qigong''.


Many forms of ''Qigong'' involve performing specific patterns of breathing which involve various combinations and durations of inhalations, exhalations and breath retention (both holding the breath in and holding it out). Some forms will require moving various body parts in conjunction with the breathing patterns and others will not. It is also common to perform Muscle and Tendon Changing Exercises along with the breathing exercises. These exercises prepare the body to safely handle the increased power output.
''Inhalation'', ''Exhalation''' and ''Breath Retention'' supposedly enable the practitioner to gather, store and circulate their Qi more efficiently.However, the level of one's Qigong is proportional to the amount of conscious intent one is using. ''Awareness'' cannot remain without the ability to remain focused, and this  requires '''Yi''' or Will Power. Finally, our '''Yi''' is empowered by our '''Shen''' or Spirit. This concept of Spirit does not refer to the Western concept of a soul, but rather to the concept of having an 'Indomitable Heart'.


Medical ''Qigong'' is also popular. In this form of "Qigong", a ''Qigong'' practitioner learns to use his/her Qi to help manipulate their patient's Qi by using various means from physical touch to mental manipulation. [[Traditional Chinese medicine]] states that all illnesses are caused of by an imbalance in a person's internal energy. Some of the common imbalances are:  
==History==
#Too much energy or too little internal energy in the whole system.
The Modern Qigong Movement emerged in the early 1950s in post-revolutionary China<ref>David Palmer (2007) ''Qigong Fever: Body, Science and Utopia in China'' New York: Cambridge University Press</ref>; the term "Qigong" was coined to avoid any association with "feudal superstitious” religious practices, and by the late 1970s some Chinese scientists even claimed to have shown the objective existence of Qi. After the death of [[Mao Zedong]], millions of mostly urban and elderly Chinese citizens took up Qigong, in a prolific variety of forms <ref>Nancy Chen (2003) ''Breathing spaces: qigong, psychiatry, and healing in China''Columbia University Press</ref> In the early 1980s, Qi was being touted in China as an explanation for paranormal abilities such as [[extrasensory perception]] and [[psychokinesis]]. Some within the government were moved to warn of the dangers of this pseudoscientific fad,<ref>Lin, Zixin (2000). ''Qigong: Chinese medicine or pseudoscience'' Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-232-6</ref>, but other public figures promoted qigong as a new 'science of the mind'. In response, the Chinese government chose to regulate qigong, and established the ''China Qigong Scientific Research Association''. By the mid 1980s, there were more than 2000 qigong organizations and between 60 and 200 million practitioners in China, and this growth was accompanied by the re-emergence of religious elements by organizations such as [[Falun Gong]]. In 1999, this provoked a systematic crackdown on qigong organizations by the State.<ref> [http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/CHINA0102.pdf Dangerous Meditation: China’s Campaign Against Falungong] Human Rights Watch </ref>
#Too much or not enough Yin or Yang Energy associated with a particular internal organ.
# A local energy blockage at a specific point which inhibits the free flow of the system's energy
 
==Tools for practicing qigong==
 
'''Inhalation''', '''Exhalation''' and '''Breath Retention''' are powerful tools which enable the practitioner to gather, store and circulate their Qi more efficiently throughout their body at will.
 
Practitioners consider everything to be ''Qigong''. Considering that everything we do takes energy, they are correct. However, the level of one's Qigong is proportional to the amount of conscious intent one is using.
 
The amount of ''intent'' one can use is directly related to how much awareness one can maintain. ''Awareness'' can not remain without the ability to remain focused. The ability to remain focused requires '''Yi''' or Will Power. And finally, our '''Yi''' is empowered by our '''Shen''' or Spirit. This concept of Spirit does not refer to the Western concept of a person's soul. Rather, it refers to the concept of having an Indomitable Heart. It is just like the term we use when we speak of a Spirited Thoroughbred Horse or a fighter who refuses to give up and is referred to as having "Heart."


==Controversies about qigong==
==Controversies about qigong==
The biggest controversy surrounding "Qigong" is whether or not "Qi" actually exists. It has never been able to be shown to exist when accepted scientific procedures and standards have been followed by the testers.
According to its promoters, "Qigong is the most profound health practice ever invented by mankind for the prevention of illness, reducing stress, mangaging chronic conditions, increasing longevity, and promoting healthy, active aging." <ref>[http://www.qigonginstitute.org/html/qigonghealth.php The Quigong Institute]</ref> However, there is no evidence for any benefits beyond those expected of regular exercise and relaxation techniques.
 
Unfortunately, given its nebulous, indeed sometimes almost spiritual quality of, existence; "Qigong" has been subject to exploitation by far too many charlatans looking to earn money and fame by defrauding their students and/or clients. To make matters even more confusing, is the existence of many true hearted practitioners who believe in their "Qigong" ability and yet are guilty of fooling themselves as well as the public.
 
In an effort to help legitimize "Qigong" and its practitioners, the National Qigong Association (NQA), has developed qualifications and standards for for those claiming to be "Qigong" teachers and practitioners.<ref>http://nqa.org/ National Qigong Association</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

Revision as of 10:12, 28 February 2024

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Qigong (pronounced "chee-gung") is a Chinese term which translates as "energy skill," or skill in the manipulation of qi. Qigong principles underlie various visualization techniques used to improve concentration, breathing, and power. Qigong is widely practiced throughout China, mainly as a form of exercise, but by some as a type of alternative medicine or meditative practice. Tai chi is a related discipline.

Studies of the effects of regular exercise using tai chi and qigong have reported consistent health benefits.[1]

The practise of qidong

The term "Qi" can mean both breath and energy, because in ancient times, people believed that we inhaled qi, or energy, and connotes the "Life Force" which animates all living beings. Gong is the Chinese word for "skill" or "work".At the most basic level, it is claimed that qi can be affected by physical exercise emphasizing its movement. This is the form of exercise and Qigong practiced by many Chinese in their parks and recreation centers; tai chi is closely related.

Many forms of Qigong involve performing specific patterns of breathing which involve various combinations and durations of inhalations, exhalations and breath retention. Some forms require moving various body parts in conjunction with the breathing patterns. It is also common to perform Muscle and Tendon Changing Exercises along with the breathing exercises. In medical Qigong, a Qigong practitioner uses his/her Qi to help manipulate their patient's Qi by using various means from physical touch to mental manipulation. According to Traditional Chinese medicine, all illnesses are caused by an imbalance in a person's internal energy.

Inhalation, Exhalation' and Breath Retention supposedly enable the practitioner to gather, store and circulate their Qi more efficiently.However, the level of one's Qigong is proportional to the amount of conscious intent one is using. Awareness cannot remain without the ability to remain focused, and this requires Yi or Will Power. Finally, our Yi is empowered by our Shen or Spirit. This concept of Spirit does not refer to the Western concept of a soul, but rather to the concept of having an 'Indomitable Heart'.

History

The Modern Qigong Movement emerged in the early 1950s in post-revolutionary China[2]; the term "Qigong" was coined to avoid any association with "feudal superstitious” religious practices, and by the late 1970s some Chinese scientists even claimed to have shown the objective existence of Qi. After the death of Mao Zedong, millions of mostly urban and elderly Chinese citizens took up Qigong, in a prolific variety of forms [3] In the early 1980s, Qi was being touted in China as an explanation for paranormal abilities such as extrasensory perception and psychokinesis. Some within the government were moved to warn of the dangers of this pseudoscientific fad,[4], but other public figures promoted qigong as a new 'science of the mind'. In response, the Chinese government chose to regulate qigong, and established the China Qigong Scientific Research Association. By the mid 1980s, there were more than 2000 qigong organizations and between 60 and 200 million practitioners in China, and this growth was accompanied by the re-emergence of religious elements by organizations such as Falun Gong. In 1999, this provoked a systematic crackdown on qigong organizations by the State.[5]

Controversies about qigong

According to its promoters, "Qigong is the most profound health practice ever invented by mankind for the prevention of illness, reducing stress, mangaging chronic conditions, increasing longevity, and promoting healthy, active aging." [6] However, there is no evidence for any benefits beyond those expected of regular exercise and relaxation techniques.

References

  1. Jahnke R et al. (2010), "A comprehensive Review of Health Benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi", Am JHealth Promotion 24: e1-e25, DOI:10.4278/ajhp.081013-LIT-248
  2. David Palmer (2007) Qigong Fever: Body, Science and Utopia in China New York: Cambridge University Press
  3. Nancy Chen (2003) Breathing spaces: qigong, psychiatry, and healing in ChinaColumbia University Press
  4. Lin, Zixin (2000). Qigong: Chinese medicine or pseudoscience Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-232-6
  5. Dangerous Meditation: China’s Campaign Against Falungong Human Rights Watch
  6. The Quigong Institute