Quinolone: Difference between revisions
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In [[medicine]], '''quinolones''' are [[antibiotic]]s that are "a group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or nalidixic acid."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> [[Nadixilic acid]]'s effects are localized to the urinary tract, but it was the first quinolone in general use. The subsequent quinolones, with broader spectra, were fluorinated and are often called fluoroquinolones.<ref name=GG>{{citation | In [[medicine]], '''quinolones''' are [[antibiotic]]s that are "a group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or nalidixic acid."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> [[Nadixilic acid]]'s effects are localized to the urinary tract, but it was the first quinolone in general use. The subsequent quinolones, with broader spectra, were fluorinated and are often called fluoroquinolones.<ref name=GG>{{citation | ||
| title = Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics | | title = Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics | ||
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Quinolones inhibit the enzyme [[DNA gyrase]]. | Quinolones inhibit the enzyme [[DNA gyrase]]. | ||
==Classes== | ==Classes== | ||
The first, unspecialized systemic quinolones included [[ciprofloxacin]], [[ofloxacin]] and [[norfloxacin]]. | ===Non-fluorinated=== | ||
[[Nadixilic acid]] has no action beyond the urinary tract; it is not absorbed systemically. | |||
===Fluoroquinolones=== | |||
The first, unspecialized systemic quinolones included [[ciprofloxacin]], [[ofloxacin]] and [[norfloxacin]]. Of these, [[ciprofloxacin]] and [[levofloxacin]] have enhanced activity against [[Pseudomonas]]. | |||
'Respiratory quinolones' are [[levofloxacin]], [[gatifloxacin]], or [[moxifloxacin]]. However, gatifloxacin can cause dysglycemia.<ref name="pmid16510739">{{cite journal| author=Park-Wyllie LY, Juurlink DN, Kopp A, Shah BR, Stukel TA, Stumpo C et al.| title=Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2006 | volume= 354 | issue= 13 | pages= 1352-61 | pmid=16510739 | 'Respiratory quinolones' are [[levofloxacin]], [[gatifloxacin]], or [[moxifloxacin]]. However, gatifloxacin can cause dysglycemia.<ref name="pmid16510739">{{cite journal| author=Park-Wyllie LY, Juurlink DN, Kopp A, Shah BR, Stukel TA, Stumpo C et al.| title=Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2006 | volume= 354 | issue= 13 | pages= 1352-61 | pmid=16510739 | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16510739 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa055191 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref> | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16510739 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa055191 }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref> | ||
[[Enrofloxacin]] is marketed for veterinary use as Baytril. | [[Enrofloxacin]] is marketed for veterinary use as Baytril. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 14:59, 2 December 2010
In medicine, quinolones are antibiotics that are "a group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or nalidixic acid."[1] Nadixilic acid's effects are localized to the urinary tract, but it was the first quinolone in general use. The subsequent quinolones, with broader spectra, were fluorinated and are often called fluoroquinolones.[2]
Mode of action
Quinolones inhibit the enzyme DNA gyrase.
Classes
Non-fluorinated
Nadixilic acid has no action beyond the urinary tract; it is not absorbed systemically.
Fluoroquinolones
The first, unspecialized systemic quinolones included ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin. Of these, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have enhanced activity against Pseudomonas.
'Respiratory quinolones' are levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, or moxifloxacin. However, gatifloxacin can cause dysglycemia.[3]
Enrofloxacin is marketed for veterinary use as Baytril.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Quinolone (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Hardman JG, Limberd LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Alfred Goodman Gilman, ed. (1996), Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Ninth ed.), McGraw-Hill, pp. 1065-1068
- ↑ Park-Wyllie LY, Juurlink DN, Kopp A, Shah BR, Stukel TA, Stumpo C et al. (2006). "Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults.". N Engl J Med 354 (13): 1352-61. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa055191. PMID 16510739. Research Blogging.