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'''Rites of passage''' are a particular type of ritual practice that accomplishes a change in an individual's status within a group.  Some of the best known examples are puberty rites and marriage, but in fact, rites of passage can take on many forms including hospital birth,<ref>Robbie E. Davis-Floyd. 1992. Birth as an American Rite of Passage. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520084314.</ref> military boot camp and other diverse practices.
'''Rites of passage''' are a particular type of ritual practice that accomplishes a change in an individual's status within a group.  Some of the best known examples are puberty rites and marriage, but in fact, rites of passage can take on many forms including hospital birth,<ref>Robbie E. Davis-Floyd. 1992. Birth as an American Rite of Passage. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520084314.</ref> military boot camp and other diverse practices.


Anthropologists identify three basic stages in a rite of passage.  First introduced by [[Arnold Van Gennep]] and much elaborated by [[Victor Turner]], they are called separation, liminality, and reaggregation.  In the first stage, the initiate is ritually separated from his or her established place in society through a process generally including physical and symbolic isolation, and an ordeal that serves to break down the body.  In many cultures, this stage also includes ritual hair cutting.  The initiate is propelled into a liminal realm existing "betwixt and between" the normal world. Initiates in this stage are widely associated with nature and the wilderness and with dusk or nighttime.  They are remade and readied for their reaggregation or reentry into the everyday world in new (often more prestigious or powerful) roles.
Anthropologists discuss rites of passage in terms of a three stage process.  Introduced by [[Arnold Van Gennep]] and much elaborated by [[Victor Turner]], the three stages consist of separation or detachment of the individual from his or her established social position or cultural environment, a "threshold" period called liminality, and reaggregation or reincorporation into society.  In the first stage, the initiate is ritually separated from his or her established place in society through a process that generally includes physical and symbolic isolation, and an ordeal that serves to break down the body.  In many cultures, this stage also includes ritual hair cutting.  The initiate is thereby propelled into a liminal realm in which he or she exists "betwixt and between the positions assigned and arrayed by law, custom, convention, and ceremonial."<ref>Victor Turner. 1969. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801491630</ref> Initiates in this stage are frequently associated with nature or the wilderness and with darkness; they are often considered ritually dead.  They are remade and readied for their reentry into the everyday world in new (often more prestigious or more powerful) roles.
 
==References==
==Rites of passage in the ancient world==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Cultural rites==
One interesting comparison between various rites is whether they are unique to a culture at large, a subculture, or a particular religion. Any combination of these three settings can cause some unique compinations, and a person may go through several rites of passage throughout their lifetime.
 
===Marriage===
 
===African cultural rites===
 
===European cultural rites===
 
===Asian cultural rites===
 
===Native American cultural rites===
 
==Religious rites==
Every religion in the world has some form of a rite of passage for its participants, with some being more recognized than others. Here are some primary examples.
 
 
===Christianity===
Christianity varies greatly from its more traditional branches of Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy to groups such as Charismatics and Pentecostals. Nonetheless, they all have some form of rite of passage for their members.
 
Baptism, the sprinkling by, or immersion into, water is one such rite. [[Liturgical Christianity|Liturgical]] groups perform Baptism during infancy, symbolically dedicating the child to a [[Christian]] future. Some protestant denominations perform Baptism at the end of a confirmation process which indoctrinates the adherents in the basic teachings of the church. These confirmation processes usually end around the ages of 13-15 and are practiced by such groups as the [[Disciples of Christ]] and [[Methodists]]. Still other groups perform Baptism as an acceptance into membership or a recognition of conversion.
 
Confirmation...
 
===Judaism===
Bar-mitzvahs and Bat-mitzvahs
 
===Hinduism===
 
===Islam===
 
===Buddhism===

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Rites of passage are a particular type of ritual practice that accomplishes a change in an individual's status within a group. Some of the best known examples are puberty rites and marriage, but in fact, rites of passage can take on many forms including hospital birth,[1] military boot camp and other diverse practices.

Anthropologists discuss rites of passage in terms of a three stage process. Introduced by Arnold Van Gennep and much elaborated by Victor Turner, the three stages consist of separation or detachment of the individual from his or her established social position or cultural environment, a "threshold" period called liminality, and reaggregation or reincorporation into society. In the first stage, the initiate is ritually separated from his or her established place in society through a process that generally includes physical and symbolic isolation, and an ordeal that serves to break down the body. In many cultures, this stage also includes ritual hair cutting. The initiate is thereby propelled into a liminal realm in which he or she exists "betwixt and between the positions assigned and arrayed by law, custom, convention, and ceremonial."[2] Initiates in this stage are frequently associated with nature or the wilderness and with darkness; they are often considered ritually dead. They are remade and readied for their reentry into the everyday world in new (often more prestigious or more powerful) roles.

References

  1. ↑ Robbie E. Davis-Floyd. 1992. Birth as an American Rite of Passage. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520084314.
  2. ↑ Victor Turner. 1969. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801491630
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