Taxation: Difference between revisions

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'''Taxation''' can be  used to finance government expenditure or to service the [[national debt]]. It can also be used to promote welfare or  to change the distribution of income or wealth,  and it can have the unintended effect of reducing welfare. Its use as an instrument of [[fiscal policy]] is considered in a separate article on that subject. Every combination of the various forms of taxation has a different effect upon welfare, but all of them have certain common features. In the terminology of economic theory, each of them has an income effect and most of them tend to have  substitution effects. A tax on biscuits reduces the income of biscuit buyers, but it would also induce some of them to switch their purchases to a cheaper alternative such as bread.


==Effects of taxation==
==Effects of taxation==


==Taxes on income==
==Taxes on income==

Revision as of 10:00, 24 September 2009

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Taxation can be used to finance government expenditure or to service the national debt. It can also be used to promote welfare or to change the distribution of income or wealth, and it can have the unintended effect of reducing welfare. Its use as an instrument of fiscal policy is considered in a separate article on that subject. Every combination of the various forms of taxation has a different effect upon welfare, but all of them have certain common features. In the terminology of economic theory, each of them has an income effect and most of them tend to have substitution effects. A tax on biscuits reduces the income of biscuit buyers, but it would also induce some of them to switch their purchases to a cheaper alternative such as bread.

Effects of taxation

Taxes on income

Taxes on capital

Taxes on consumption

Company taxation

Tax structures

International effects

Optimum taxation

References